Chapter 4 Growth, Diversity, and Conflict

What made George Whitefield such a successful evangelical preacher in New England in the 1740s?

A reputation for being "almost angelical" in appearance

Which of the following colleges was founded in the mid-eighteenth century out of the religious enthusiasm spread by the Great Awakening?

Princeton

Why was the print revolution that occurred in the colonies during the early eighteenth century significant?

Printing allowed for the broad transmission of new ideas.

The political conflicts that wracked colonial Pennsylvania in the middle of the eighteenth century stemmed from which of the following sources?

Rapid immigration and population growth

The most numerous voluntary (nonslave) emigrants to British North America in the eighteenth century came from which of the following groups?

Scots-Irish

Puritan minister Cotton Mather's response to which of the following eighteenth-century crises demonstrated that Enlightenment ideas had begun to influence him?

The Boston smallpox epidemic

In New York during the first half of the eighteenth-century, settlement of the Hudson River Valley showed which of the following patterns?

The Dutch manorial system largely remained intact, with a few wealthy and powerful Dutch and English landlords dominating poor tenant families.

Pontiac's uprising in Detroit in 1763 was a direct cause of which of the following events?

The Royal Proclamation of 1763

Which of the following developments was an outcome of the eighteenth-century consumer revolution?

The colonies became more dependent on overseas credits and markets.

Which of the following statements best describes women's property rights in the English colonies in the eighteenth century?

When they married, women passed legal ownership of all personal property to their husbands.

How did the British government respond to hostilities in America in 1754?

William Pitt and Lord Halifax persuaded Prime Minister Pelham to start a war in America against the French.

How did farmwives throughout the colonies in the eighteenth century contribute to their families?

Wives acted as helpmates to their husbands and performed both domestic and agricultural tasks.

Which of these individuals would have most likely preferred Pietism to deism in the eighteenth century?

A Scots-Irish migrant

Which of the following consequences of the eighteenth-century Great Awakening made it historically significant?

Americans' new freedom to challenge authority within and outside the church

Which of these religious denominations successfully converted many slaves in the mid-eighteenth-century southern colonies?

Baptist (southern)

Which of the following statements describes the early Industrial Revolution and its impact on the American colonies in the eighteenth century?

Britain's new ability to produce more and cheaper goods than ever before transformed American markets and raised most colonists' standard of living.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship of typical New England women to the church in the eighteenth century?

Churches were filled primarily with women but led exclusively by men.

Which of the following statements describes rural life in the New England colonies during the eighteenth century?

Colonists' sense of personal worth and dignity in rural New England contrasted sharply with European peasant life.

Which of the following problems troubled both eastern migrants and western settlers in the American colonies in the mid-1700s?

Competition for land

Which of the following features characterized the Middle Atlantic colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century?

Cultural Diversity

Influenced by Enlightenment science, which of the following religious movements believed that God had created the world but allowed it to operate in accordance with the laws of nature?

Deism

"[R]apid and heterogeneous population growth distinguished British North America from other colonial regions in the New World. Europeans and Africans found the temperate climate of the eastern seaboard healthier than the Caribbean, and they achieved positive rates of natural reproduction there more quickly than anywhere else in the Americas. . . . Benjamin Franklin estimated that one million British subjects were living in North America and that they were doubling every twenty five years. He celebrated how this growth would add to British wealth and world power, so long as there was enough land in the colonies to sustain it." — Timothy J. Shannon, historian, The Seven Years' War in North America: A Brief History with Documents, 2014 The patterns described in the excerpt are most different from which of the following patterns of the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Demographic patterns of Native Americans on the Atlantic coast

Which of the following eighteenth-century Pennsylvania immigrant groups quickly lost its cultural identity by practicing intermarriage with other Protestants?

Dutch Huguenots

Which of the following statements characterizes eighteenth-century religious practice in Pennsylvania?

Each religious sect enforced moral behavior among its members.

In the mid-1700s, which industrializing nation was the dominant commercial power in the Atlantic Ocean?

England

Which of the following was an outcome of New England families' efforts to maintain the freeholder ideal in the late eighteenth century?

Farmers abandoned traditional grain crops and adopted livestock agriculture instead.

Which of the following statements best describes inheritance patterns in colonial New England during the mid-1700s?

Fathers had a cultural duty to provide inheritances for their children.

Hostilities between French troops and Virginians led by Colonel George Washington began in 1754 at which of the following locations?

Fort Duquesne

Which of the following was a provision of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

France lost all of her North American territory east of the Mississippi River.

Which of the following statements describes the role of money and economic exchange in eighteenth-century rural New England?

Generally, no money was exchanged between relatives and neighbors, but accounts of debts were maintained and settled every few years by cash transfers.

Which of the following individuals created the foundation for Enlightenment thinking?

Nicolas Copernicus

Which of the following characterized the New England freehold society of the early eighteenth century?

Many relatively equal landowning families whose livelihoods came from agriculture and trade

What did the German immigrants known as redemptioners do on their arrival in Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century?

Negotiated the terms for a period of servitude through which they would pay for their trip

The 1754 Albany Congress was a significant event because it demonstrated that

Neither the colonists nor the British found the others plan acceptable

During the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s, which of the following groups challenged the authority of ministers?

New Lights

The English philosopher John Locke believed which of the following ideas?

People had natural rights such as life, liberty, and property

Which of the following developments created a crisis for New England Puritan society in the eighteenth century?

Population growth made freehold land scarce.

The power of human reason, a world ordered by natural laws, and the progressive improvement of society are associated with which of the following movements?

The Enlightenment

Which of the following eighteenth-century movements posed a significant challenge to traditional assumptions about race, gender, and class in American society?

The Great Awakening

The French and Indian War started as a result of disputed land claims regarding

The Ohio River Valley

Which of the following statements describes the religious controversy that emerged from the Great Awakening during the 1740s and 1750s?

The Old Lights prohibited traveling preachers from speaking to a congregation without its minister's permission.

"[R]apid and heterogeneous population growth distinguished British North America from other colonial regions in the New World. Europeans and Africans found the temperate climate of the eastern seaboard healthier than the Caribbean, and they achieved positive rates of natural reproduction there more quickly than anywhere else in the Americas. . . . Benjamin Franklin estimated that one million British subjects were living in North America and that they were doubling every twenty five years. He celebrated how this growth would add to British wealth and world power, so long as there was enough land in the colonies to sustain it." — Timothy J. Shannon, historian, The Seven Years' War in North America: Which of the following developments best supports or illustrates the ideas described in this excerpt?

The growing market for British manufactured goods in America

Which of the following statements characterizes the nature of colonial Pennsylvania during the eighteenth century?

The growing wheat trade in the mid-eighteenth century brought an influx of poor families, which increased social divisions.

Which of the following was a result of the long-practiced policy of subdividing land in New England for inheritance by the mid-1700s?

The number of children conceived before marriage rose sharply.

What specific purpose did the colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia serve for the British Empire in the eighteenth century?

Their wheat crops made them the breadbasket of the Atlantic world.

What made the British authorities wary of declaring war against the French in North America in 1754?

They believed the American colonists were incapable of cooperating in their own defense.

Why did the Virginia gentry fear the rise of the Baptists in the mid-eighteenth century?

They threatened to undermine the gentry's position and privilege.

In eighteenth-century New England, the notion that parents would pay grown children for their past labors in exchange for the privilege of choosing the children's spouses was known as

the marriage portion