Chapter 4
Glycogen
The body's storage form of glucose (also known as animal starch).
Satiety
The feeling of fullness a person has after eating food.
Polysaccharide
A carbohydrate made up of many sugar units that are linked in straight or branched chains.
Monosaccharide
A carbohydrate made up of single sugar units. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are the monosaccharides.
Refined Sugar
A carbohydrate sweetener that is separated from it's natural source for use as a food additive.
Disaccharide
A carbohydrates made up of two sugar units. Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are the disaccharides.
Hormone
A chemical produced in the body and released into the bloodstream to regulate specific body processes.
Sugars
A collective term used to refer to all the monosaccharides and disaccharides.
Supplement
A concentrated source of a nutrient, usually in pill, liquid, or powder form.
Diabetes Mellitus
A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, the hormone required for the metabolism of sugar.
Insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose level.
Hypoglycemia
A low blood glucose level.
Simple Carbohydrates
A monosaccharide or disaccharide.
Glucose
A monosaccharide that circulates in the bloodstream and serves as the body's source of energy.
Starch
A polysaccharide that is the storage form of energy in plants.
Complex Carbohydrate
A polysaccharide. Starch and Fiber are complex carbohydrates.
Lactose Intolerance
An inability to digest lactose, the main carbohydrate in milk, due to lack of of the digestive enzyme lactase.
Soluble Fiber
An indigestible carbohydrate from plants that dissolve in water.
Insoluble Fiber
An indigestible carbohydrate from plants that does not not dissolve in water.
Fiber
Indigestible polysaccharides that make up the tough, fibrous cell walls of plants.
Carbohydrates
One of six classes of nutrients that include sugars, starches, and fibers. Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy.
Dental Caries
Tooth decay.
