Chapter 4 Intro Sociology

The way that a professor dresses and carries herself would be considered a part of her attempts at: A.expressions given. B.dramaturgy. C.a generalized other. D.impression management.

D.impression management.

According to Freud, one's desire for pleasure would be a part of the: a. self. b. id. c. ego. d. superego.

Id

According to the text, which of the following statements is true concerning the nature versus nurture debate?

The debate refers to the ongoing discussion of the respective roles of genetics and socialization in determining individual behaviors and traits.

mass media

The increase in eating disorders among Fiji girls was attributed to the socialization influence of the: a.peer group. b.mass media. c.family. d.school.

generalized other.

The perspectives and expectations of a network of others that a child takes into account when shaping his or her own behavior is called the:

Classic formulation of the way individuals define situations, whereby "if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences" (page 103)

Thomas theorem

We experience some kind of feeling about ourselves based on our perception of other people's judgments

Which of the following is a component of Cooley's looking-glass self?

Which of the following is true about the process of socialization? a. Socialization teaches individuals what they need to become functioning members of society. b. Socialization usually ends around the onset of adulthood for most people. c. The family is the only agent of socialization. d. The socialization process begins in adolescence.

a. Socialization teaches individuals what they need to become functioning members of society.

The social groups, institutions, and individuals that provide structured situations in which socialization takes place are: a. agents of socialization. b. agents of resocialization. c. socialization enablers. d. total institutions.

a. agents of socialization.

A person who drops out of school due to an increase in the number of hours she is expected to work is going through a process called: a. role exit. b. role strain. c. role status. d. role envy.

a. role exit.

An individual's conscious, reflexive experience of a personal identity separate and distinct from others is called the: a. self. b. id. c. ego. d. superego.

a. self.

Postmodern theorists claim that the role of __________ in interaction is one of the primary features of postmodern life. a. technology b. copresence c. agency d. emotions

a. technology

the ability of the individual to act freely and independently (page 119)

agency

Social groups, institutions, and individuals (especially the family, schools, peers, and the mass media) that provide structured situations in which socialization takes place. a. agents of socialization. b. agents of resocialization. c. socialization enablers. d. total institutions.

agents of socialization

An inborn status; usually difficult or impossible to change (page 114)

ascribed status

Ethnographic description that focuses on the feelings and reactions of the ethnographer (page 105)

autoethnography

"Boys don't cry" and "Don't laugh during a funeral" would be examples of: a. emotion work. b. feeling rules. c. resocialization. d. role-taking emotions.

b. feeling rules

In the dramaturgical perspective, places in which we rehearse and prepare for our performances (page 104)

backstage

A factory worker going back to school to learn how to be a medical assistant would be an example of: a. an ascribed status. b. role conflict. c. resocialization. d. coprescence.

c. resocialization.

The fact that schools teach children to obey authority would be considered a part of: a. a total institution. b. the agents of socialization. c. the hidden curriculum. d. resocialization.

c. the hidden curriculum.

Behaviors that help others to save face or avoid embarrassment, often referred to as civility or tact (page 104)

cooling the mark out

face-to-face interaction or being in the presence of others (page 116)

copresence

A person could conceivably alter: a. an ascribed status. b. a disembodied status. c. an informal status. d. an achieved status.

d. an achieved status.

According to the text, which of the following is one of the predominant agents of socialization in American society? a. Extracurricular activities b. Sports c. The economy d. Peers

d. peers

An agreement with others about "what is going on" in a given circumstance. This consensus allows us to coordinate our actions with those of others and realize goals (page 103)

definition of the situation

An approach pioneered by Erving Goffman in which social life is analyzed in terms of its similarities to theatrical performance (page 103)

dramaturgy

The belief that we experience the self as both subject and object, the "I" and the "me" (page 102)

dual nature of the self

A status generated by physical characteristics (page 114)

embodied status

the process of evoking, suppressing, or otherwise managing feelings to create a publicly observable display of emotion (page 116)

emotion work (emotional labor)

Expressions that are intentional and usually verbal, such as utterances (page 103)

expressions given

Observable expressions that can be either intended or unintended and are usually nonverbal (page 103)

expressions given off

small actions such as an eye roll or head nod that serve as an interactional tool to help project our definition of the situation to others (page 103)

expressions of behavior

socially constructed norms regarding the expression and display of emotions; expectations about the acceptable or desirable feelings in a given situation (page 99)

feeling rules

In the dramaturgical perspective, the setting or scene of performances that helps establish the definition of the situation (page 103)

front

In the dramaturgical perspective, the region in which we deliver our public performances (page 104)

frontstage

The third stage in Mead's theory of the development of self wherein children play organized games and take on the perspective of the generalized other (page 102)

game stage

The perspectives and expectations of a network of others (or of society in general) that a child learns and then takes into account when shaping his or her own behavior (page 102)

generalized other

Values or behaviors that students learn indirectly over the course of their schooling because of the structure of the educational system and the teaching methods used (page 108)

hidden curriculum

According to Freud, the three interrelated parts that make up the mind. A. The id consists of basic inborn drives that are the source of instinctive psychic energy. B.The ego is the realistic aspect of the mind that balances the forces of the id and the superego C.. The superego has two components (the conscience and the ego-ideal) and represents the internalized demands of society D. self

id

The effort to control the impressions we make on others so that they form a desired view of us and the situation; the use of selfpresentation and performance tactics (page 103)

impression management

The notion that the self develops through our perception of others' evaluations and appraisals of us (page 101)

looking-glass self

A status that is always relevant and affects all other statuses we possess (page 98)

master status

The perspectives and expectations of a particular role that a child learns and internalizes (page 102)

particular or significant other

The expressive equipment we consciously or unconsciously use as we present ourselves to others, including appearance and manner, to help establish the definition of the situation (page 103)

personal front

The second stage in Mead's theory of the development of self wherein children pretend to play the role of the particular or significant other (page 102)

play stage

The first stage in Mead's theory of the development of self wherein children mimic or imitate others (page 102)

preparatory stage

Four distinct stages of the development of the self between birth and adulthood, according to Freud. Each stage is associated with a different erogenous zone. (page 101)

psychosexual stages of development

In the dramaturgical perspective, the context or setting in which the performance takes place (page 103)

region

The process of replacing previously learned norms and values with new ones as a part of a transition in life (page 111)

resocialization

The set of behaviors expected of someone because of his or her status (page 114)

role

Experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations (page 114)

role conflict

The process of leaving a role that we will no longer occupy (page 114)

role exit

The tension experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role (page 114)

role strain

When a mother who loves her child has to discipline that child, it is likely that she feels: a. role envy. b. role strain. c. role conflict. d. role status.

role strain

Emotions like sympathy, embarrassment, or shame that require that we assume the perspective of another person or many other people and respond from that person or group's point of view (page 116)

role-taking emotions

a postmodern idea that the self is now developed by multiple influences chosen from a wide range of media sources (page 118)

saturated self

The individual's conscious, reflexive experience of a personal identity separate and distinct from other individuals A.self. B.id. C.ego. D.superego.

self

The process by which a concept or practice is created and maintained by participants who collectively agree that it exists (page 98)

social construction

A position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations a. status. b. occupation. c. role. d. expectation.

status

Judging others based on preconceived generalizations about groups or categories of people (page 114

stereotyping

An institution in which individuals are cut off from the rest of society so that their lives can be controlled and regulated for the purpose of systematically stripping away previous roles and identities in order to create new ones (page 112)

total institution

According to Freud, one's conscience would be a part of the: A.self. B.id. C.ego. D.superego.

D.superego.

A status earned through individual effort or imposed by others (page 114

achieved status

status

A position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations is called a:

Which of the following is an example of a total institution? A.The media B.Your family C.A public high school D.A prison

A prison

A flight attendant who remains calm even when a drunken, violent passenger yells at her for not putting enough ice in his beverage would be exhibiting: A.biological emotions. B.copresence. C.emotion work. D.role conflict.

C.emotion work.

A student who is asked to come in to work overtime at her part-time job on the same night that she has to study for a sociology exam is experiencing: A.role envy. B.role strain. C.role conflict. D.role status.

C.role conflict.

The process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of a social group is called: A.culturization. B.nature. C.socialization. D.social isolation.

C.socialization.

The statement, "If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences," is called: A.the definition of the situation. B.impression management. C.the Thomas theorem. D.dual nature of the self.

C.the Thomas theorem.

Mead believed that children begin to develop a sense of self about the same time that: A.they learn to walk. B.they are born. C.they begin to learn language. D.they enter school.

C.they begin to learn language.