Clinical Psych Final Exam Review
__________ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in France
Phillipe Pinel
Which of the following is true regarding current editions of the Wechsler intelligence tests?
There are separate tests for three different populations: adults, children, and preschoolers
A(n) __________ design is often used by clinical psychologists when they cannot adequately access the target population or situation, so they approximate it to the extent possible. For example, they may ask participants to imagine themselves in a particular situation
analogue
Although they have been used for a variety of clincial issues, exposure therapy and systematic desensitization have been used primarily for the treatment of
anxiety disorder
Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs
are more often housed in "professional schools" rather than departments of psychology in universities
__________ tend to be held in high regard by researchers who prefer the idiographic approach to the nomothetic approach
case studies
The ABAB design is an example of a (n) __________
case study
Of all the available assessment procedures, clinical psychologists rely most frequently on the
clinical interview
A(n) _________ approach to psychotherapy involves selecting the best treatment for a given client based on empirical data from studies of the treatment of similar clients
eclectic
Which of the following is not one of the "Big Five" personality traits measured by the NEO-PI-R
eclecticism
__________ refers to the success of a therapy in actual clinical settings in which client problems may be diagnostically complex
effectiveness
A study conducted in a controlled laboratory setting is most like a study examining __________.
efficacy
In short, the _________ of a form of therapy is how well it works "in the lab", where it is practiced according to manualized methods.
efficacy
__________ refers to the success of a particular therapy in a controlled study conducted with clients who were chosen according to particular study criteria
efficacy
According to psychodynamic theory, the _________ is the part of the mind that generates defense mechanisms
ego
The __________ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client's culture
emic
Since the 1980's the popularity of cognitive psychotherapy among clinical psychologists has
increased
The million clinical multiaxial inventory-III (MCMI-III) emphasizes ________.
personality disorders
The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists since at least the 1970s is __________
psychotherapy
The primary finding of Hans Eysenck's 1952 review of psychotherapy outcome studies was that
psychotherapy was of little benefit, since most clients got better without it.
Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the results of the thousands of psychotherapy efficacy studies that have been conducted
psychotherapy works
__________ is a pioneer of the humanistic approach to psychotherapy
carl rogers
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is the therapy approach created by
Albert Ellis
The current diagnostic manual used by psychologists and psychiatrists is the
DSM-5
__________ authorizes a psychologist to practice independently
licensure
Psychodynamic psychotherapy refers broadly to the approach authored by _________ and all subsequent adaptations or expansions of it
Sigmund Freud
The ___________ is a memory test can be assess individuals who are suspected to have memory problems due to brain injury, dementia, or substance abuse.
WMS-IV
__________ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in England.
William Tuke
According to Albert Ellis's ABCDE model, "D" represents
a dispute of client's irrational thoughts
Dr. James "forgets" to unlock the front door to his office on a Sunday when his only patient is Millie, a loud, disagreeable woman who often yells during therapy sessions. According to the psychodynamic school of thought, this is an example of _________.
a freudian slip
The scientist-practitioner model of training is characterized by
a joint emphasis on practice and research
Which of the following statements is not true?
a shorter version of the MMPI-2 is the MMPI-2 Brief Inventory (MMPI-2-BI)
David Wechsler created
a test of intelligence
Which of the following best describes genuineness as it is understood and applied by humanistic psychotherapists
a therapist's true feelings of empathy and prizing toward a client
Thorndike's law of effect states that
actions followed by pleasurable consequences are more likely to occur, and actions followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to occur
Eli Todd is most notable for
advocating for humane treatment of the mentally ill in the U.S.
On the current edition of the _________, the mean score for full scale IQ is 100
all of above
According to APA ethical code, which of these scenarios exemplifies a multiple relationship?
all of the above
All of wechlser intelligence tests yield
all of the above
Compared to PhD. programs, PsyD. programs typically
all of the above
Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy, behavioral psychotherapy
all of the above
DSM-3 differed from its predecessors in significant ways, such as
all of the above
DSM-5 added a number of new disorders including
all of the above
Dorothea Dix's efforts to improve the treatment of the mentally ill resulted in the creation of institutions in
all of the above
Empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness
all of the above
Free association
all of the above
Homework assigned as a part of cognitive therapy
all of the above
In exposure therapy, the client can be exposed to _________ versions of things or situations that cause anxiety
all of the above
Positive psychology
all of the above
Psychotherapy outcome researchers have proposed that __________ is a common factor across diverse forms of psychotherapy
all of the above
The APA has created divisions addressing which of the following areas of diversity
all of the above
The first psychological clinic was founded
all of the above
To develop rapport during a clinical interview
all of the above
Which of the following are important factors in admissions decisions for graduate programs in clinical psych?
all of the above
__________ is considered a leader in the cognitive therapy movement
all of the above
among the steps involved in the experimental method are
all of the above
An important skill for a clinical interviewer is __________, which is best described as the ability to know how he or she tends to affect others interpersonally and how others tend to relate to him or her.
being self-aware
In a ___________ design, participants in different conditions receive entirely different measures
between-group
Dialectical behavior therapy, developed by Marsha Linehan, has been found effective in the treatment of ___________
borderline personality disorder
New features in DSM-5 include
both A and B
The idea that the way we think about events determines the way we respond to them is a cornerstone of __________ therapy
cognitive
The quality of _________ describes a match between a therapist's real and ideal selves
congruence
Which of the following is true regarding ethical decision making by clinical psychologists?
consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is recommended, as long as client confidentiality is protected
The Rorschach Inkblot Method
contains a total of 10 inkblots
__________ validity is the extent to which an assessment technique has content appropriate for what is being measured.
content
"If you change the consequences of a behavior, the behavior will change. This statement summarizes the rationale behind
contingency management
According to psychodynamic psychotherapists, fixation at the oral stage can result in problems related to _________ later in life, fixation at the anal stage can result in problems related to __________ later in life, and fixation at the phallic stage can result in problems related to _________ later in life.
dependency; control; self-worth
Dr. Murphy, a clinical psychologist, is conducting a clinical interview in which the primary purpose is to assign a diagnostic label from the current DSM to the client. In other words, Dr. Murphy is conducting a(n)
diagnostic interview
Interviewers who use a __________ style of interviewing get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it.
directive
For contemporary psychotherapists, the most relevant implication of the finding in the Tarasoff case is the
duty to warn
The etic perspective
emphasizes similarities between all people
The removal of an expected reinforcement that results in a decrease in the frequency of a behavior is know as
extinction
Spearman created the concept of _________, an individual's general intelligence or global, overall intellectual ability.
g
The current edition of the APA ethical code includes two distinct sections: __________ and ___________
general principles; ethical standards
According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the popularity of psychodynamic psychotherapy
has generally decreased
Abraham Maslow is most closely associated with the _________ approach to psychotherapy
humanistic
According to psychodynamic theory, the _________ is the part of the mind that generates all pleasure-seeking, selfish, indulgent, animalistic impulses
id
Which of the following best describes the three-step process typically used by cognitive psychotherapists to revise a client's cognitions
identify illogical thoughts; challenge illogical thoughts; replace illogical thoughts with more logical thoughts
The notion of "g", as proposed by Charles Spearman, suggests that essentially.
intelligence is one thing
__________ tests measure a client's intellectual abilities, whereas __________ tests measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities.
intelligence; achievement
Compared to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, brief psychodynamic psychotherapy
involves a more narrow focus on specific clinical problems
The MMPI
is an objective test of personality
Emil Kraepelin
is considered a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders
__________ refers to being able to pay attention in the present moment to whatever arises internally or externally, without becoming entangled or wishing things were otherwise.
mindulness
The __________ is the most popular and the most psychometrically sound objective personality test used by clinical psychologists.
minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-II
The practice of using a collection of different assessment instruments- interview data, direct observation, etc. - to examine an individual's personal is known as __________.
multimethod assessment
According to the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, which of the following statements is true regarding multiple relationships?
multiple relationships are unethical only when they can be reasonably expected to cause impairment in the psychologist or risk exploitation or harm of the client
Dr. Young, a clinical psychologist, is conducting an assessment of a client who experienced a head injury in a car accident. He uses the Halstead-Reitan battery to determine impairment of the functioning of specific components or structures of the brain. Dr. Young is conducting __________ testing.
neuropsychological
Tatiana tarasoff
none of the above
_________ include unambiguous test items, offer clients a limited range of responses, and are objectively scored.
objective personality tests
The primary goal of behavioral psychotherapy is
observable behavior change
According the the behavioral approach, __________ essentially means "getting something good" , and __________ essentially means "losing something good"
positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
The _________ typically consists of a full year of supervised clinical experience in an applied setting and takes place before the doctoral degree is awarded
predoctoral internship
The most common work setting for clinical psychologists since the 1980s is __________
private practice
Which of the following places the major "forces" in psychology in the correct order, beginning with the first?
psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, multiculturalism
The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories
psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders
An individual's _________ is how the person actually is at present; the ________ is what a person could be if he or she fulfilled his or her potential
real self; ideal self
DSM-1 an DSM-2
reflected a psychoanalytic orientation
The boulder model of training is also known as the _________ model of training.
scientist-practitioner model
Which of the following is not a clinical scale on the MMPI and MMPI-2
self acceptance
The landmark court case that established the duty to warn for psychologists was __________
tarasoff v. the regents of the university of california
In the context of the clinical interview, the term "quieting yourself" is best described as
the interviewer's efforts to control his or her own internal, self-directed thinking pattern in order to enhance listening
The primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy is
to make the unconscious conscious
_________ occurs when a patient forms a relationship with a therapist in which he unconsciously and unrealistically expects the therapist to behave like important people in his life
trasference
The __________ places importance on multiple perspectives, including those that recognize the uniqueness of each individual as well as the similarities between each individual and other individuals
tripartite model of personal identity
According to the current edition of APA ethical code, psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with current therapy clients
under any circumstances
The __________ is a recently developed test of intelligence that represents an attempt to measure IQ in a culturally fair way
universal nonverbal intelligence test
__________ is the exact to which an assessment technique measures what it claims to measure.
validity
The "dodo-bird verdict" refers to the finding that
various forms of psychotherapy are about equally beneficial
Effective interviewers are skilled at __________, or repeating key words and phrases back to their clients to ensure the clients that they have been accurately heard
verbal tracking
According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the most commonly endorsed psychotherapy orientation
was the eclectic/integrative orientation until 2010, when the cognitive orientation was most commonly endorsed
Compared to effectiveness studies, efficacy studies of psychotherapy outcome generally have __________
weaker external validity
In a __________ design, participants within a single condition are compared to themselves at various points in time
within-group
