Clinical Psych Final Exam Review

__________ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in France

Phillipe Pinel

Which of the following is true regarding current editions of the Wechsler intelligence tests?

There are separate tests for three different populations: adults, children, and preschoolers

A(n) __________ design is often used by clinical psychologists when they cannot adequately access the target population or situation, so they approximate it to the extent possible. For example, they may ask participants to imagine themselves in a particular situation

analogue

Although they have been used for a variety of clincial issues, exposure therapy and systematic desensitization have been used primarily for the treatment of

anxiety disorder

Compared to PhD programs, PsyD programs

are more often housed in "professional schools" rather than departments of psychology in universities

__________ tend to be held in high regard by researchers who prefer the idiographic approach to the nomothetic approach

case studies

The ABAB design is an example of a (n) __________

case study

Of all the available assessment procedures, clinical psychologists rely most frequently on the

clinical interview

A(n) _________ approach to psychotherapy involves selecting the best treatment for a given client based on empirical data from studies of the treatment of similar clients

eclectic

Which of the following is not one of the "Big Five" personality traits measured by the NEO-PI-R

eclecticism

__________ refers to the success of a therapy in actual clinical settings in which client problems may be diagnostically complex

effectiveness

A study conducted in a controlled laboratory setting is most like a study examining __________.

efficacy

In short, the _________ of a form of therapy is how well it works "in the lab", where it is practiced according to manualized methods.

efficacy

__________ refers to the success of a particular therapy in a controlled study conducted with clients who were chosen according to particular study criteria

efficacy

According to psychodynamic theory, the _________ is the part of the mind that generates defense mechanisms

ego

The __________ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client's culture

emic

Since the 1980's the popularity of cognitive psychotherapy among clinical psychologists has

increased

The million clinical multiaxial inventory-III (MCMI-III) emphasizes ________.

personality disorders

The most common professional activity of clinical psychologists since at least the 1970s is __________

psychotherapy

The primary finding of Hans Eysenck's 1952 review of psychotherapy outcome studies was that

psychotherapy was of little benefit, since most clients got better without it.

Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the results of the thousands of psychotherapy efficacy studies that have been conducted

psychotherapy works

__________ is a pioneer of the humanistic approach to psychotherapy

carl rogers

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is the therapy approach created by

Albert Ellis

The current diagnostic manual used by psychologists and psychiatrists is the

DSM-5

__________ authorizes a psychologist to practice independently

licensure

Psychodynamic psychotherapy refers broadly to the approach authored by _________ and all subsequent adaptations or expansions of it

Sigmund Freud

The ___________ is a memory test can be assess individuals who are suspected to have memory problems due to brain injury, dementia, or substance abuse.

WMS-IV

__________ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in England.

William Tuke

According to Albert Ellis's ABCDE model, "D" represents

a dispute of client's irrational thoughts

Dr. James "forgets" to unlock the front door to his office on a Sunday when his only patient is Millie, a loud, disagreeable woman who often yells during therapy sessions. According to the psychodynamic school of thought, this is an example of _________.

a freudian slip

The scientist-practitioner model of training is characterized by

a joint emphasis on practice and research

Which of the following statements is not true?

a shorter version of the MMPI-2 is the MMPI-2 Brief Inventory (MMPI-2-BI)

David Wechsler created

a test of intelligence

Which of the following best describes genuineness as it is understood and applied by humanistic psychotherapists

a therapist's true feelings of empathy and prizing toward a client

Thorndike's law of effect states that

actions followed by pleasurable consequences are more likely to occur, and actions followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to occur

Eli Todd is most notable for

advocating for humane treatment of the mentally ill in the U.S.

On the current edition of the _________, the mean score for full scale IQ is 100

all of above

According to APA ethical code, which of these scenarios exemplifies a multiple relationship?

all of the above

All of wechlser intelligence tests yield

all of the above

Compared to PhD. programs, PsyD. programs typically

all of the above

Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy, behavioral psychotherapy

all of the above

DSM-3 differed from its predecessors in significant ways, such as

all of the above

DSM-5 added a number of new disorders including

all of the above

Dorothea Dix's efforts to improve the treatment of the mentally ill resulted in the creation of institutions in

all of the above

Empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness

all of the above

Free association

all of the above

Homework assigned as a part of cognitive therapy

all of the above

In exposure therapy, the client can be exposed to _________ versions of things or situations that cause anxiety

all of the above

Positive psychology

all of the above

Psychotherapy outcome researchers have proposed that __________ is a common factor across diverse forms of psychotherapy

all of the above

The APA has created divisions addressing which of the following areas of diversity

all of the above

The first psychological clinic was founded

all of the above

To develop rapport during a clinical interview

all of the above

Which of the following are important factors in admissions decisions for graduate programs in clinical psych?

all of the above

__________ is considered a leader in the cognitive therapy movement

all of the above

among the steps involved in the experimental method are

all of the above

An important skill for a clinical interviewer is __________, which is best described as the ability to know how he or she tends to affect others interpersonally and how others tend to relate to him or her.

being self-aware

In a ___________ design, participants in different conditions receive entirely different measures

between-group

Dialectical behavior therapy, developed by Marsha Linehan, has been found effective in the treatment of ___________

borderline personality disorder

New features in DSM-5 include

both A and B

The idea that the way we think about events determines the way we respond to them is a cornerstone of __________ therapy

cognitive

The quality of _________ describes a match between a therapist's real and ideal selves

congruence

Which of the following is true regarding ethical decision making by clinical psychologists?

consulting with colleagues about ethically challenging situations is recommended, as long as client confidentiality is protected

The Rorschach Inkblot Method

contains a total of 10 inkblots

__________ validity is the extent to which an assessment technique has content appropriate for what is being measured.

content

"If you change the consequences of a behavior, the behavior will change. This statement summarizes the rationale behind

contingency management

According to psychodynamic psychotherapists, fixation at the oral stage can result in problems related to _________ later in life, fixation at the anal stage can result in problems related to __________ later in life, and fixation at the phallic stage can result in problems related to _________ later in life.

dependency; control; self-worth

Dr. Murphy, a clinical psychologist, is conducting a clinical interview in which the primary purpose is to assign a diagnostic label from the current DSM to the client. In other words, Dr. Murphy is conducting a(n)

diagnostic interview

Interviewers who use a __________ style of interviewing get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it.

directive

For contemporary psychotherapists, the most relevant implication of the finding in the Tarasoff case is the

duty to warn

The etic perspective

emphasizes similarities between all people

The removal of an expected reinforcement that results in a decrease in the frequency of a behavior is know as

extinction

Spearman created the concept of _________, an individual's general intelligence or global, overall intellectual ability.

g

The current edition of the APA ethical code includes two distinct sections: __________ and ___________

general principles; ethical standards

According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the popularity of psychodynamic psychotherapy

has generally decreased

Abraham Maslow is most closely associated with the _________ approach to psychotherapy

humanistic

According to psychodynamic theory, the _________ is the part of the mind that generates all pleasure-seeking, selfish, indulgent, animalistic impulses

id

Which of the following best describes the three-step process typically used by cognitive psychotherapists to revise a client's cognitions

identify illogical thoughts; challenge illogical thoughts; replace illogical thoughts with more logical thoughts

The notion of "g", as proposed by Charles Spearman, suggests that essentially.

intelligence is one thing

__________ tests measure a client's intellectual abilities, whereas __________ tests measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities.

intelligence; achievement

Compared to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, brief psychodynamic psychotherapy

involves a more narrow focus on specific clinical problems

The MMPI

is an objective test of personality

Emil Kraepelin

is considered a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders

__________ refers to being able to pay attention in the present moment to whatever arises internally or externally, without becoming entangled or wishing things were otherwise.

mindulness

The __________ is the most popular and the most psychometrically sound objective personality test used by clinical psychologists.

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-II

The practice of using a collection of different assessment instruments- interview data, direct observation, etc. - to examine an individual's personal is known as __________.

multimethod assessment

According to the most recent edition of the APA ethical code, which of the following statements is true regarding multiple relationships?

multiple relationships are unethical only when they can be reasonably expected to cause impairment in the psychologist or risk exploitation or harm of the client

Dr. Young, a clinical psychologist, is conducting an assessment of a client who experienced a head injury in a car accident. He uses the Halstead-Reitan battery to determine impairment of the functioning of specific components or structures of the brain. Dr. Young is conducting __________ testing.

neuropsychological

Tatiana tarasoff

none of the above

_________ include unambiguous test items, offer clients a limited range of responses, and are objectively scored.

objective personality tests

The primary goal of behavioral psychotherapy is

observable behavior change

According the the behavioral approach, __________ essentially means "getting something good" , and __________ essentially means "losing something good"

positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement

The _________ typically consists of a full year of supervised clinical experience in an applied setting and takes place before the doctoral degree is awarded

predoctoral internship

The most common work setting for clinical psychologists since the 1980s is __________

private practice

Which of the following places the major "forces" in psychology in the correct order, beginning with the first?

psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, multiculturalism

The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories

psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders

An individual's _________ is how the person actually is at present; the ________ is what a person could be if he or she fulfilled his or her potential

real self; ideal self

DSM-1 an DSM-2

reflected a psychoanalytic orientation

The boulder model of training is also known as the _________ model of training.

scientist-practitioner model

Which of the following is not a clinical scale on the MMPI and MMPI-2

self acceptance

The landmark court case that established the duty to warn for psychologists was __________

tarasoff v. the regents of the university of california

In the context of the clinical interview, the term "quieting yourself" is best described as

the interviewer's efforts to control his or her own internal, self-directed thinking pattern in order to enhance listening

The primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy is

to make the unconscious conscious

_________ occurs when a patient forms a relationship with a therapist in which he unconsciously and unrealistically expects the therapist to behave like important people in his life

trasference

The __________ places importance on multiple perspectives, including those that recognize the uniqueness of each individual as well as the similarities between each individual and other individuals

tripartite model of personal identity

According to the current edition of APA ethical code, psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with current therapy clients

under any circumstances

The __________ is a recently developed test of intelligence that represents an attempt to measure IQ in a culturally fair way

universal nonverbal intelligence test

__________ is the exact to which an assessment technique measures what it claims to measure.

validity

The "dodo-bird verdict" refers to the finding that

various forms of psychotherapy are about equally beneficial

Effective interviewers are skilled at __________, or repeating key words and phrases back to their clients to ensure the clients that they have been accurately heard

verbal tracking

According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the most commonly endorsed psychotherapy orientation

was the eclectic/integrative orientation until 2010, when the cognitive orientation was most commonly endorsed

Compared to effectiveness studies, efficacy studies of psychotherapy outcome generally have __________

weaker external validity

In a __________ design, participants within a single condition are compared to themselves at various points in time

within-group