chapter 4 quiz

Selby is fifteen years old and has been devastatingly neglected her entire life. She has never been exposed to spoken language. What is the likelihood that she will learn language now?

She will never learn language as the critical period for language development has passed

agents (e.g., chemicals, viruses) that can reach the embryo or fetus and cause it harm.

Teratogens

During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire a:

sense of object permanence

Sixteen-year-old Jeremy is trying out different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by his combinations of shirts and pants, earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. Jeremy is in the stage of development called:

identity versus role confusion

Compared with children with authoritarian parents, children of authoritative parents are:

more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence

Those in this stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral thinking would be likely to say something like, "People have a right to live."

postconventional morality

Which of the following statements BEST represents contemporary thinking on the nature-nurture issue?

The relationship between genetics and environment is interactive; each influences the other.

Which of the following activities illustrates egocentrism?

While talking on the phone, a little boy holds up four fingers in response to being asked how old he is by the person speaking to him.

Thirteen-year-old Davis is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and should make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____________ morality.

conventional

After Nadia learned that penguins cannot fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of:

accommodation

Luca's parents set firm rules but they are responsive to his needs. They give him a chance to explain himself and also explain their position on why they cannot allow him to stay out past midnight, and so on. Luca's parents have which type of parenting style?

authoritative

Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of another person's state of mind are most characteristic of:

autism spectrum disorder

Denise has just given birth to a 6-pound baby girl. Her infant's head is small and slightly disproportional. Denise did drink alcohol while she was pregnant, although it is not clear how much or how often she drank. It is possible that her infant has

fetal alcohol syndrome

Dr. Greco is conducting a study of military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf wars, in which he plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to find out if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory over the 10 years. This is a(n) _____________ study.

longitudinal

Which of the following characteristics appears to be the most stable over time?

tempermant

In a classic experiment with preschoolers, Walter Mischel gave children a choice to eat one marshmallow now or two marshmallows when he returned a few minutes later. Mischel was testing _____ in the children.

the capacity to delay gratification

The correct order of prenatal development is:

zygote, embryo, fetus