Chapter 4 Science Review
What process realses substances from a cell?
Exocytosis
Formula for Water:
H₂O
When do most complex organisms obtain energy?
In cellular respiration
Where is chlorophyll found?
In chloroplasts of plants
Formla for Oxygen:
O₂
How are photosynthesis and cellular repiration dependent upon one another?
Photosynthesis requires the carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration, which requires the oxygen produced during photosynthesis.
stomata
Pore-like openings in leaves that allow gases (CO₂ and O₂) and water to diffuse in and out.
ATP stands for
adenosine triphosphate
Some of the energy is used to form (blank) or ATP which supplies energy that fuels cell activities.
adenosine triphosphate
Cellular respiration occurs in...
almost all animals and plants
This kind of fermentation also happens in the muscles cells of other(blank) and in some(blank) and (blank).
animals, fungi, bacteria
Diffusion is the natrual movement of molecules from:
areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Another type of fermentation occurs in some types of(blank) and in (blank).
bacteria,yeast
Prokaryotes use what for the reproduction of cells?
binary fission
Most of the energy released mantains (blank).
body temperature
Most of the energy produced by cellular respiration in humans is used to(blank).
breathe
Yeast forms(blank) gas during fermentation which bubbles through the bread dough and causes the bread to rise and causes the small holes in bread after it's baked.
carbon dioxide
Plants use the sun's energy captured by the chlorophyll to change(blank) and (blank) into a simple form of food called(blank).
carbon dioxide, water, glucose
The energy in glucose is used by plant cells for what?
cellular activities
The main pigment used in photosynthesis and this gives plants their green color
chlorophyll
Photosynthesis takes place in what organelles?
chloroplasts
The natural spreading of particles through a liquid or gas is called:
diffusion
chromosomes
eukaryotes- one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; prokaryotes- the main ring of DNA
During cellular respiration,(blank), such as glucose, is broken down into(blank), a gas, and (Blank) and (blank) is released.
food,carbon dioxide, water, energy
One kind of fermentation happens in your muscles and produces(blank) acid.
lactic
In eukaryotes, the process of cellular respiration mostly takes place in the(blank).
mitochondria
Eukaryotes use what for the reproduction of cells?
mitosis
What is the process by which cells divide?
mitosis
Photosynthesis produces a biproduct which is released into the air. What is the biproduct's name?
oxygen
Molecules in plants that absorb light
pigments
The energy for photosynthesis comes from what?
sunlight
Fermentation
the breakdown of food WITHOUT the use of oxygen
Cellular Respiration
the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
Photosynthesis
the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food
How many chromosomes are in the egg and sperm cells?
23
How many chromosomes in all other cells of the human body?
46
Write the chemical formula for Photosynthesis
6 CO₂+6 H₂O + Light energy from the sun→ C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6 O₂ (carbon (water) (glucose)(oxygen) dioxide)
What is the main difference between active transport and passive transport?
Active transport requires a cell to use energy; passive transport does not.
Formula for Carbon Dioxide:
CO₂
What are the chemical products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
Formula for Glucose:
C₆H₁₂O₆
Write the chemical formula for cellular respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6 O₂→ 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O+ energy (ATP) (glucose) (oxygen) (carbon (water) dioxide)
Why is diffusion so important in biology?
It allows substances to move across cell membranes.
What might happen if a cell did not have any ATP?
It would not have enough energy to carry out active transport.
What's most ATP used for?
It's used to mantain body temperature.
In which organelles does cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
The buildup of lactic acid contributes to what?
Muscle fatigue and causes a burning sensation
What do muscle cells do when they can't get the oxygen they need for cellular respiration?
They use a process of fermentation to get energy.
What is yeast used for?
To make many types of breads
What organisms are used to make bread dough rise and to make wine?
yeast
