Chapter 4 (some) STUDY QUESTIONS - Renal Function

all of the following conditions may produce nocturia except

a - anuria

which renal function is assessed using specific gravity and osmolality measurements

a - concentrating ability

the concentration of which substances provides the best means of distinguishing urine from other body fluids?

a - creatinine and urea

another name for excessive thirst

a - polydipsia

the ultrafiltrate in the urinary space of the glomerulus has a specific gravity of

b - 1.010 and the same osmolality as the blood plasma

when the body is dehydrated, the kidneys

b - excrete solutes in as small a volume of urine as possible

the fluid deprivation test involves the measurement of serum and urine

b - osmolality

specific gravity measurements are not affected by

b - solute charge

renal excretion is not involved in the elimination of

b -normal byproducts of fat metabolism

the osmolality of a solution containing 1.0 mole of urea is equal to that of a solution containing

c - 0.5 mole of NaCl

the daily volume of urine excreted normally ranges from

c - 500 to 1800 ml/day

a fluid deprivation test is used to

c - assess renal concentrating ability

which of the following substances when found in urine could account for such a high value

c - mannitol

osmolality is a measure of solute

c - number

serum osmolality remains relatively constant, whereas the urine osmolality ranges from

c - one to three times that of serum

the maximum osmolality that urine can achieve is determined by the

c - osmolality of the medullary interstitium

what is the definition of osmolality of a solution

c - the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent

which of the following solutes, if added to pure water, affects the specific gravity of the resultant solution more than it affects its osmolality

d - glucose

the excretion of less than 400mL of urine per day is called

d - oliguria

the excretion of large volumes of urine (>3 L/day) is called

d - polyuria

which of the following solutes are present in the largest molar amounts in urine

urea, chloride, sodium