Chapter 4 (South America) Regions Study Set

How has the discovery of petroleum, and oil and gas reserves affected Peru? Describe the view of the government and Amerindians on Peruvian oil policies?

Gas reserves make Peru a major energy producer. Peru's government is for the oil policies, and activists, environmentalists, and indigenous people are against it because new oil policies will be dangerous for the environment and local communities.

What portion of Bolivia's population indigenous?

Half

How does Paraguay's geography differ from its Andean neighbors?

It doesn't have any highlands or ethnic divisions between indigenous, mestizo and other groups of people.

How has land ownership impacted Paraguay's economic inequality?

It has impacted economic inequality because almost a quarter of the population lives at or below the poverty line and wealth is not equally distributed.

Why is French Guiana considered an Overseas Departement of France?

It is the last remaining dependency on the mainland of South America.

How is Paraguay's long standing isolation eroding?

It's eroding because deforestation is threatening the lives and wellbeing of the Ayoreo and other native peoples.

Why was the "coastal strip" a good choice for a capital city?

the most productive part of the country. At the coastal strip there is a thriving fishing industry that is heavily involved in the export trade.

Describe the Maracaibo Lowlands? Why are they important to Venezuela?

used to be infected with disease with a small population, world's leading producer of oil and it transformed Venezuela's economy in the 70s.

Why has Colombia had difficulty developing a strong economy?

violence, politically unstable, extremely divided country, drugs, political corruption, inequality/income disparity the physical geography of Columbia renders a divide in its population into clusters only has one main product which is coffee.

Describe the city of Medellin's recent transformation.

went from being the world's murder capital to being considered a model for urban design. In 2013 the city was named the world's most innovative city. Medellin made cable cars and escalators for faster travel and also put money towards new libraries, schools and parks.

What is an "insurgent state"?

when a state is controlled by rebels.

How is Guyana divided ethnically and culturally?

Ethnically - 44% is South Asian; 30% is African. Culturally - 58% is Christian; 28% is Hindu; 7% is Muslim.

What are the characteristics that made each of them unique?

CN- located entirely north of equator AW- Formed by 4 republics, strong indigenous heritage SC- Little Indigenous heritage. European imprints Brazil- 5th largest country, largest tropical rainforest (AMAZON)

What conditions provided for Chile's economic growth and stability?

Chile started a program for free-market economic reform that helped them gain economic stability.

How does Colombia display "cultural uniformity"?

Columbia only uses one language and only practices one religion. (Spanish/ Roman Catholic)

describe 3 regions

Desert coast Subregion - is symptomatic of the cultural division in Peru, Sierra Subregion - is the ancestral home of the largest component in the total population, the speakers of Quechua Oriente or East Subregion - the inland facing slopes of the Andean ranges that lead down to the Amazon-drained, rain-forest covered montana. It is also the most isolated.

Why was the production of "oil" not beneficial to the Venezuelan population?

because the government would live off of money made from oil rather than investing in the economy which would have helped Venezuelans. too dependent on oil Venezuela developed a huge foreign debt.

Describe Colombia's site and situation (population clusters).

clusters near areas of agricultural opportunities in the west and north Clusters lie on the Caribbean coast, in the center of Barranquilla, Cartagena and Santa Marta Medellin and Cali

Describe French Guiana's economic activity.

exports gold and its fishing industry sends exports to France. The main source of economic activity in French Guiana is the European Space Agency's launch complex.

How did Colombia prevent becoming a "failed state"?

taking legal action and persuading the rebels to give up their weapons and step down from power. peace talks w/ FARC

What are the consequences of Bolivia's "landlocked" status?

that they aren't able to access ports, transportation is more expensive, they have to depend on nearby countries, infrastructure on the border is expensive, and trade can be interrupted by conflict in nearby countries. If Bolivia wasn't landlocked its GDP would be 20% higher.

Name the four South American Regions.

the Caribbean North, the Andean West, the Southern Core, and Brazil

the three subregions of Peru

the desert coast, the Andean (Sierra) region, and the East (Oriente) region.

Describe the "llanos" area of the Venezuelan Highlands? Why is the "tierra templada" area important?

- 160 to 400 miles long stretches from the northern Andean spur to Orinoco's floodplain - has both savanna grass, scrub woodlands, plainlands and savanna country. In savanna there is wet season makes farming difficult. Tierra templada is important because its weather is ideal for raising crops.

What is the legacy of this country? When did it gain its independence? SURINAME

Dutch influence is still present and that Dutch is still spoken by some people. gained its independence in 1975.

How has Brazil impacted Paraguay's cultural make-up?

Brazil has made it so that people mainly speak Brazilian Portuguese, and fly the Brazilian flag instead of the flag of Paraguay.

Why is Middle Chile such an important region? Why is the Atacama Desert important?

It's important because it has fertile soil which is ideal for growing wine. The Atacama Desert is important because it made up half of all of Chile's foreign income. It contains the largest deposit of nitrates to export, copper and lithium.

How does Montevideo impact Uruguay's economy?

Montevideo provided a railroad to help export goods.

Why is Paraguay considered "thoroughly bilingual"?

Over 90% of the people speak the native language 'Guaraní' as well as whatever other language they speak.

What were the conditions that allowed the Pampa to thrive?

Pampa was able to thrive because Europe was beginning to grow and they needed food. Pampa made money with their production of meat and grain.

Give a brief description of the physiographic subregions of Argentina; Pampas, Chaco, Patagonia, and Entre Rios.

Pampas is a plain area that is relatively empty. Chaco is covered in scrub forests. Patagonia has arid plateaus. Entre Rios is between the Paraná and Uruguay rivers.

Why is Punta del Este important to Uruguay's economy?

Punta del Este is important because it attracts tourists.

What is the cultural imprint of Argentina? Describe Argentina's urbanization? What is a "primate city"?

Spanish. 92 percent of Argentina's population is clustered in cities and towns. A primate city is a country's largest city.

Describe Suriname's economic development.

Suriname did need economic help from the Netherlands at first, but its economy is supported by the exporting of rice, aluminum ore, and bauxite (aluminum)

How has the Amazon affected the "oriente" region of Peru?

The Amazon caused the rubber boom which caused Oriente to rise and then fall. The Amazon was on the edge of a new era that could lead to major new discoveries of oil and natural gas reserves in the oriente.

What is the Triple Frontier?

The Triple Frontier is a chaotic area in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay that smuggles, launders money and has terrorist activity.

Describe Ecuador's "coastal zone".

The coastal zone has hills that are cut off by lowlands and Guayaquil (which is the country's largest city).

How does the Santa Cruz Department in the east differ from the Andean west?

The hacienda business hasn't changed since colonial times.

What products dominate Uruguay's export trade?

Vegetables, fruits, wheat, cattle sheep, beef, wool, and textile goods.

What is the legacy of this country? When did it gain its independence? GUYANA

a legacy of British colonialism and became independent in 1966.

What is Sranan Tongo?

a mix of both Dutch and English that is a common language in Suriname.

What is "Farclandia"? How have they responded to the drug cartels?

a rebel group that disliked the government controlling provinces. responded to drug cartels by forming an alliance the rebels needed funding and the cartels needed military support.

How has Chile's "elongated" geography assisted in its development (the sea, the mountains, the north/south orientation)?

helps them stretch across many environmental zones along with helping its political and economic issues. The sea helped with communication between countries, and the Andes protected Chile from the conflict in the East.

How does Colombia's drug cartels demonstrate "influence and control"?

infiltrating government systems and corrupting the police and military. the cartels have also created their own armed forces. They are creating destruction for businesses and are taking control of states.

Describe the Mendoza Province.

is involved in the production of wine. It produces wines such as Malbec and Cabernet. The land has a semiarid environment that has to use irrigation to get the water it needs.

Why is Kourou important?

it holds more than half of French Guiana's economic activity, including both its farming and spaceport. it is the European Space Agency's launch complex.

Why is the town of Potosi legendary?

large amounts of tin, zinc, copper, led, and silver were found there.

How does Lake Titicaca impact Bolivia's Altiplano?

makes the Altiplano more livable because it relieves some of the cold from that area.

How does "oil" figure in Guyana's future?

oil could become a factor in Guyana's economy since a large reserve was found offshore from Suriname.

Describe Guyana's economic development? How has the neighboring drug trade affected Guyana?

one of the realm's poorest and least urbanized. The nearby drug trade has affected Guyana by using its interior for drug distributions. One fifth of Guyana's economy is from the drug trade.

Who are the "Quechua speakers"? Describe the lifestyle of the "sierra" region?

people who speak Quechua and came from the Inca Empire. The indigenous people in the Sierra Region live in villages and they live off of subsistence farming or haciendas. live in high-altitude environments.

What two factors have contributed to Argentina's economic failures? What was "The Economist" reaction to political corruption in Argentina?

political infighting and the misuse of economic funds. The Economist said it wouldn't use statistics from Argentina anymore because of how corrupt it was. They did not want to help Argentina deceive their voters.

Who is Hugo Chavez? What were the consequences of Venezuela's oil policies?

social radical who rose to power in 1999. Venezuelans have food shortages, and lack basic products they need.