Chapter 40
What is the mean arterial pressure of a person who has a blood pressure of 140/90 mm/Hg?
107 mmHg
The recommended approach for fluid resuscitation of a patient in shock is _______ mg/kg until______.
20, Radial pulses become stronger.
Adequately perfused kidneys porduce at least -_____ to _____ mL of urine per hour
30, 50
You have given 800- mL normal saline bolus to a patient in shock. How much of this fluid will remain in the intravascular space after 20 minutes?
320 ml
The blood pressure of an infant or child can be maintained with blood loss of up to:
35% to 40%
The mean arterial pressure must be greater than or equal to ______ mm Hg to ensure that the brain, coronary arteries, and kidneys remained perfused.
60
If you can feel a pulse over the formal artery of an adult, vut are unable to feel a pulse over the radial artery, his or her systolic blood pressure is MOST likely between ___ and ___ mm HG
70, 80
If the left ventricle fills with 85 mL of blood and ejects 60 mL during a contraction, the ejection fraction is approximately ________.
70.
Which of the following is a normal response of the body to hypoperfusion.
Antidiuretic hormone is released by the pituitary gland.
During multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome, the release of ______, a potent vasodilator, leads to tissue hypoperfusion, and may contribute to hypotension.
Bradykinin.
Which of the following injuries or conditions would cause obstructive shock?
Cardiac tamponade.
A tendency to gather and rely on information that confirms your existing views and avoids or downplays information that does not confirm your preexisting hypothesis or field differential is called a _________bias.
Confirmation
Which of the following substances or elements reinforces red blood cells, creating the final step in the formation of a blood clot?
Fibrogen
By which of the following mechanisms do patients with septic shock become hypovolemic?
Fluid leakage out of the vascular space.
What effect would the restoration of normotension have on a patient with internal bleeding and a blood pressure of 70/54 mm Hg.
Formed clot dislodgement and worsened internal bleeding.
Which of the following assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for obstructive shock?
Jugular venous distention.
Which of the following is the BEST indicator of tissue perfusion during compensated shock?
Level of responsiveness
Which of the following hemodynamic parameters decreases, regardless of the etiology oft he shock?
Mean arterial pressure
Which of the following clinical signs would differentiate septic shock from hypovolemic shock?
Warm or hot skin.
Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of distributive shock?
Widespread dilation of the resistance and capacitance vessels.
Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation results in:
a negative dromotropic effect.
A characteristic sign of neurogenic shock caused by a spinal injury is:
an absence of sweating below the level of the injury.
The negative sign of neurogenic shock caused by a spinal injury is:
an absence of sweating below the level of the injury.
Afterload is increased following alpha-1 stimulation because of:
arteriolar constriciton
The negative target-organ effects of anaphylactic shock are reversed with
epinephrine.
Accumulating acids and other waste products in the blood:
inhibit hemoglobin from binding with and carrying oxygen.
The MOST common cause of cardiogenic shock is:
myocardial infarction
The capillary "washout" phase occurs when:
postcapillary sphincters relax, releasing accumulated hydrogen potassium, carbon dioxide, and thrombosed red blood cells.
Incomplete glucose breakdown leads to an accumulation of:
pyruvic acid.
During anaerobic metabolism the precapillary sphincters ______ in response to _______.
relax, lactic acid buildup.
Baroreceptors function by:
sensing decreased blood flow and activating the vasomotor center.
