Chapter 44: Genitourinary Dysfunction
The diet of a child with nephrosis usually includes: salt restrictions
A child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse would expect the urinalysis during this acute phase to show: Hematuria and proteinuria.
Therapeutic management of nephrosis includes: Corticosteroids. Response is usually seen within 7 to 21 days. Antihypertensive agents and long-term diuretic therapy are usually not necessary.
A diet that has fluid and salt restrictions may be indicated.
Uremia is the retention of nitrogenous products, producing toxic symptoms.
A major complication in a child with chronic renal failure is: Water and sodium retention.
Oral calcium carbonate preparations combine with phosphorus to decrease gastrointestinal absorption and the serum levels of phosphate
The diet of a child with chronic renal failure is usually characterized as: Low in phosphorus. . Protein should be limited in chronic renal failure to decrease intake of phosphorus.
What should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the parents of a child with vesicoureteral reflux? The importance of taking prophylactic antibiotics
The most common cause of acute renal failure in children is: Severe dehydration.
Which intervention is appropriate when examining a male infant for cryptorchidism? Warming the room
The narrowing of preputial opening of foreskin is called: Phimosis
The nurse is assisting the pediatric provider with a newborn examination. The provider notes that the infant has hypospadias. nurse understands that hypospadias refers to: Urethral opening along ventral surface of penis.
The narrowing of the preputial opening of the foreskin is called: Phimosis is the narrowing or stenosis of the preputial opening of the foreskin
Which factor predisposes a child to urinary tract infections?The short urethra in females provides a ready pathway for invasions of organisms. Increase fluid intake and frequent bladder emptying
What should the nurse recommend to prevent urinary tract infections in young girls? Wearing cotton underpants
Signs of hyperkalemia include electrocardiographic anomalies such as prolonged QRS complex, depressed ST segments, peaked T waves, bradycardia, or heart block
When a child has chronic renal failure, the progressive deterioration produces a variety of clinical and biochemical disturbances that eventually are manifested in the clinical syndrome known as: uremia
Which diagnostic test allows visualization of the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis without exposure to external beam radiation or radioactive isotopes? Renal ultrasound
Which diagnostic finding is present when a child has primary nephrotic syndrome? Proteinuria
The nurse is teaching parents of a child with chronic renal failure (CRF) about the use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) subcutaneous injections.
Which statement indicates the parents have understood the teaching?"The red blood cell count should begin to improve with these injections."
An advantage of peritoneal dialysis is that: Parents and older children can perform treatments.
Which statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children? It is preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children.
The nurse is conducting teaching for an adolescent being discharged to home after a renal transplantation. The adolescent needs further teaching if which statement is made?
"I am glad I only have to take the immunosuppressant medication for two weeks."The immunosuppressant medications are taken indefinitely after a renal transplantation
A common side effect of corticosteroid therapy is: Increased appetite.
The nurse closely monitors the temperature of a child with nephrosis. The purpose of this is to detect an early sign of: Infection.
A school-age child has been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to assess
Facial edema Fatigue Frothy-appearing urine proteinuria Weight gain
A school-age child is admitted to the hospital with acute glomerulonephritis and oliguria. Which dietary menu items should be allowed for this child Apples Carrot sticks Strawberries
Foods with substantial amounts of potassium and sodium are generally restricted during the period of oliguria.
The primary clinical manifestations of acute renal failure are: Oliguria and hypertension.
The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. What clinical manifestation should he or she recognize as a sign of hyperkalemia? Cardiac arrhythmia
A school-age child with chronic renal failure is admitted to the hospital with a serum potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L. Which prescribed medication should the nurse plan to administer?
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate Kayexalate
The nurse is admitting a school-age child in acute renal failure with reduced glomerular filtration rate. Which urine test is the most useful clinical indication of glomerular filtration rate? Creatinine clearance
The nurse is conducting an assessment on a school-age child with urosepsis. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect? Fever with a positive blood culture
A mother asks the nurse what would be the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis is improving. The nurse's best response should be that the: Urinary output will increase.
The nurse is teaching the parent about the diet of a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?
A child with secondary enuresis who complains of dysuria or urgency should be evaluated for what condition
Urinary tract infection (UTI) Diabetes mellitus
Chronic renal failure leads to water and sodium retention, which contributes to edema and vascular congestion
Which clinical manifestation would be seen in a child with chronic renal failure? Unpleasant "uremic" breath odor
The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the child with acute glomerulonephritis is: Excess Fluid Volume related to decreased plasma filtration.
decrease in plasma filtration results in an excessive accumulation of water and sodium that expands plasma and interstitial fluid volumes, leading to circulatory congestion and edema.
An objective of care for the child with nephrosis is to: Reduce excretion of urinary protein.
reduction of fluid retention, prevention of infection, and minimizing of complications associated with therapy. Blood pressure is usually not elevated in nephrosis
"You will need to avoid adding salt to your child's food."
A preschool child is being admitted to the hospital with dehydration and a urinary tract infection .Which urinalysis result should the nurse expect with these conditions? WBC >2; specific gravity 1.030
The nurse is caring for an adolescent who has just started dialysis. The child seems always angry, hostile, or depressed. The nurse should recognize that this is most likely related to:
Adolescents often resenting the control and enforced dependence imposed by dialysis.
One of the clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure is uremic frost. What best describes this term? Deposits of urea crystals on skin
Calcium carbonate is given with meals to a child with chronic renal disease. The purpose of this is to Bind phosphorus.
The nurse is caring for an infant with a suspected urinary tract infection. Which clinical manifestations would be observed Vomiting Failure to gain weight Persistent diaper rash
clinical manifestations observed in an infant with a urinary tract infection.