Chapter 5 and 6
True or false: a state may set a minimum voting age of less than 18
True
What is preclearance?
the process of seeking U.S. Department of Justice approval for all changes related to Voting
Name the 5 amendments that increased voter turnout.
15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, 26th
When was the 26th amendment passed?
1971
How many people participate in local elections?
10%
With all other factors isolated, which demographic is most likely to vote?
African Americans
What are the four types of minor parties?
Charismatic leader, single issue, fringe ideology, local/regional
What are the two voting cleavages and define them?
Cross cutting: Two issues that turn a person towards two different parties Reinforcing: two issues turn a person towards one party
What are five factors that influence voter turnout?
Education, income, age, gender, religion, race, cross pressures
What did the Jacksonian Democrats do to expand voting rates?
Eliminated tax paying and property ownership requirements
What is the number one influence on a voters political identity?
Family
What are the three agents of political socialization?
Family, education, and social groups
How does the 24th amendment effect voting?
Increase amount of people able to register to vote
What's the difference between internal and external efficacy?
Internal is belief that one can understand politics and therefor participate. External is belief that the political system will respond to citizens
What did the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 say?
People are about to register to vote in government agencies such as the dmv
How does cross pressures effect voter turnout?
Reduces voter turnout
What are four barriers to turn out?
Registration, low political efficacy, frequently of elections, election day
Which court case established preclearance?
Shelby County vs Holder (2013)
What is the most common form of political activity undertaken by most citizens?
Voting in presidential elections
There were five requirements you had to meet to be apart of the original electorate. Name 3.
White, male, property owners, tax payer, 21 years old
