Chapter 5 Directing

Personality:

Adaptable, aggressive, emotionally stable, dominant, self-confident

Increased Responsibility

Allow employees to make decisions and produce results on their own so that they will be more motivated to do more than what is asked of them Evaluate your employees through a method that can account for their individual personalities

Separation

An employee is removed and is no longer a part of the business or organization. It can be temporary or permanent, voluntary or involuntary

Health Service Organizations

Are unique in the way that they deploy a wide range of human resources in the delivery of care, from highly trained professionals to manual laborers.

Formal Written Warning

If an employee deliberately ignores a verbal warning, this type of warning is issued. This is the first formal written and is used for more serious errors and infractions.It is also a legal document that can end up as evidence in a court case.

Pacesetting Style

In contrast to democratic leaders, these leaders are more autocratic in their leadership style. They set high standards of performance for themselves and expect others to follow same standers Uses the self-management skill

Common grounds for dismissal are:

Refusal to work Disorderly conduct Tardiness and absenteeism Poor treatment of customers Theft Destruction of pharmacy property Violation of safety practices

Follower Readiness or maturity

Related to the willingness of the group or individuals to accept responsibilities, tasks, and duties and to their abilitiy and necessary training or experience to perform these tasks well

Tips for Effective management

Review each position in the pharmacy periodically. Evaluate Maintain good communication with employees to build positive work relationships. Reward quality work Know your employees

Promotion

Shifting of an employee to a new position that increases both his or her status and responsibilities

Transfer

Shifting of an employee's position from one to another without increasing or decreasing his or her responsibilities or pay

Democratic Style

This style observes collaboration and teamwork to gain buy-in from constituents, These leaders are participative consensus developers. They work primarily under the participative management style These leaders use social skills as the primary means for directing the activities of group

Verbal Warning and Counseling

is a formal oral reprimand addressing the unsatisfactory beahvior of an employee and its consequences

Motivation

is a key factor in influencing human behavior

Communication

is intergral to how organizations achieve their goals.

Progressive Discipline

refers to a series of acts taken by the management to address unacceptable actions committed by employees.

Disciplinary actions

should be prompt, commensurate with the violation, and clearly explained to everyone involved.

Leadership Style

Refers to a manger's or leader's approach to directing the actions of employees

Belonging

Establishing the sensse of belonging motivates employees because they feel that they are contributing to the functionality of a group

Autocratic Style

" I decide. " Manager retains absolute control He or she has little confidence in his or her employees' ability to make decisions He or she usually holds few meetings

Democratic Style

"We decide" Decision-making is shared between the manager and employees Manager has great confidence in the employees He or she makes decisions that consider the best intereset of the organization He or she has no egoistical tendency in conducting the organization's operations and making decisions He or she serves to improve the morale and motivation of the group He or she usually holds many meetings

Free Rein Style

"You decide" Employees decide on their own within certain boundaries or limits

Discharge

A person may be discharged permanently or involuntarily if he or she is not performing satisfactorily according to the standards of the business. Insubordinationis also one cause for discharge

Respect

Employees must be given the opportunity to voice out their opinions and concerns

Distortion

Can seriously impair the communication process

Celebration

Celebrate both small and big victories of the ogranization Hold a get-together with your employees

Social Characteristic:

Charming, tactful, popular, cooperative

Airing of complaints

Closely related to early recognition is the need for an outlet for discontent. It can resort to counterproductive measures that are more difficult to recognize and resolve

Factors on Selecting the Style of Leadership by a Pharmacy Owner

Degree of self-confidence the pharmacy owner has Degree of confidence the pharmacy manager has in his or her subordinates Importance of decisions to the survival or success of the pharmacy. Extent to which employees want responsible decision-making

What is at the heart of the management process?

Directing

Power

Employees must be treated like in-house experts. Managers should grequently ask them for advice on how to further improve the organization

Resignation

Done voluntarily or permanently, it stmes from low salary and/or low morale

Task-related characteristic:

Driven to excel, readily accepts responsibilities, takes initiative, is task-oriented, has a good interpersonal skills

Social Background:

Educated in reputable schools, socially prominent, upwardly mobile

Attainment

Employees can be motivated when they are constantly introduced to new tasks, enabling them to build on one after the other

Compelling mission

Formulate a mission that everyone must accomplish Assign the employees to create a safety plan for their department

Recognition

Recognize employees' contributions in the organization Openly recognize the employee who routinely provides excellent customer service

Successful handling of employee dissatisfaction revolves around the following:

Recognizing problems quickly Allowing grievances to vent themselves Equitably resolving the problems

Coercive Style

Individuals practicing this style of leadership demands immediate compliance with orders and directives. This style is primarily associated with leaders displaying a strong sense of self-management.

Authoritative Style

Individuals using the authoritative style display self-confidence, empathy, and the ability to develop cooperation and teamwork among members when leading the organization or group This type of leader develops the end vision and goals while allowing the team to determine how to achieve them

Directing

Involves guiding and motivating other people to work toward a common goal It is the process in which managers instruct, guide, and oversee the performance of their employees to achieve predetermined goals.

Retirement

It can be availed of coluntarily (if the employee reaches a specific number of years of service or more based on company policies) or involuntarily (when one reaches the age of retirement, which is 65) 55 years max for retire in military

Contingency Model

It examines the relationship between the characteristics of a given situation and the leader's behavior.

Traits Model

It focuses on the personal characteristics of leaders

Equity

It is a manager's responsibility to treat every one of his or her employees fairly

Leadership

It is an important concept that transcends all healthcare professions. It is a critical component for positive change and development within pharmacy organizations and the profession The ability to influence the actions of others.

Behavioral Model/Leadership Style

It is concerned with how leader acts and the manner he or she leads a group

Suspension without Pay

It is the temporary release of an employee from duty for a specific number of days without compensation It is a significant disciplinary action for more serious incidents or repetitions of unsatisfactory behavior. It is a punitive action aimed to demonstrate the seriousness of a situation

Purpose of leadership

It is to help individuals, groups, and organizations grow and develop. Individuals need leadership to aid in their personal and professional growth whereas groups need leadership to promote teamwork, cohesion, and accomplishment of mutually desired goals.

Independence

Managers must be responsible in providing clear goals that will allow their employees to maximize their productivity

Four Principles that managers should use to ensure effecttive communication with and among the employees

Managers should always be impartial and consisten to gain the confidence of the employees Managers should show sincere interest in issues that are important to the employees to gain their respect Managers and employees should have good upward and downward communication Communication is fity percent active listening and is important for managers and employees to listen carefully to one another to achieve full understanding of the information received.

MTM

Medication Therapy Management

Equitable resolution

Not eliminating the conflict and solving the problem will certainly damage this relationship and may cause problems that will hamper the smooth flow of business operations. NO FAIR SOLUTION

Task orientation

One-way form of communication. The leader defines and assigns the roles of individuals in the group by explaining the tasks and responsibilities

Balance of achievement and challenge

People must always be given room to grow so that they will not feel stuck or trapped. Make it a point to include all employees of the pharmacy in the strategic planning of the department

Three basic dimensions in the theories of leadership:

Task orientation Relationship Orientation Readiness of Follower/s

Lay-off

Temporary and voluntary, it is usually associated with negative business conditions. It can also stem from the management's plan to downsize or decrease production. Workers with the least seniority are the first to be laid off.

Coaching Style

The focus of this style is to help employees improve their performance over time for the long-term. This leader style delegates responsibilities to subordinates for the dual purpose of achieving outcomes and accomplishing tasks, and encouraging employees to develop new skills

Leadership is based on interaction of three elements:

The leader The individual Group being led

Termination/Dismissal

This is the last course of action in disciplining employees. Heads of departments or similar administrative unites are authorized to initiate an action to dismiss an employee and to set the effective date. Generally, a minimum of two week's notice should be given to an employee

Final Written Warning

This is the last disciplinary action prior to dismissal

Affliative Style

This style creates harmony and builds emotional bonds. It helps create a sense of belonging and security through feedback and reward systems. The leader who uses this style usually tends not to give negative criticism or deliver bad news to an employee, thus not allowing the latter to grow or change bad habits

Relationship orientation

Two-way from communication, that provides socio-emotional support, and utilizes the facilitative versus directive efforts to bring cahnge in the group.

The communication involves at least six messages:

What the sender of the message means to say What he or she actually says What the receiver of the message hears What he or she thinks he or she hears What he or she says What the sender things the receiver says

Quick Recognition

Whether a complaint is serious, valid, or resolved to the employee's satisfaction, the longer it lingers before being dealt with, the more it strains the long-term employer-employee relationship

Physical:

Young to middle age, energetic, striking appearance, tall and slender

Leaders

________ are not always managers, and managers are not always __________

Verbal warnings

are relatively common and often the only action needed to address unacceptable or undesirable employee's behavior or performance

Management

concerned with handling the complexities and operations involved in running an organization