Chapter 5: Lesson 2 Egypt & Kush
True
True or False? Could most gods take Human and Animal form?
The Book of the Dead
What book did Egyptians study prayers and magic spells to prepare for the After life?
Because the entrance of Pyramids had entrances facing north, they studied the skies and developed an understanding of Astronomy. They also invented a 365-day calendar with 12 months divided into three seasons. This is the calendar that became the basis for our calendar today.
What challenges did the Pyramids create that led to important discoveries ?
They were appointed officials who supervised the construction and repair of dams, irrigation canals, granaries and collected taxes.
What did bureaucrats do?
He had total power, appointed bureaucrats to carry out his order, owned all land and distribted land to officials priest and wealthy Egyptians whom he favored.
What did the Pharaoh do?
They believed in more than one god and that the gods controlled Natural forces and Human activites.
What kind of religion did the ancient Egyptians practice?
1) Upper: Pharaohs, Army Commanders, Priests, Nobles 2) Middle: Artisans, Scribes, Traders 3) Lower: Unskilled workers, farmers, slaves
What kinds of people made up each of the social classes?
Embalming, the use of splints, bandages and compresses. They also wrote down medical information these were the world's first Medical books.
What medical skills did the Egyptians learn?
To protect the Pharaoh's dead bodies from floods, wild animals, and robbers so their souls could get to the afterlife.
What was the most important purpose of the pyramids?
1) The Great Pyramid 2) built for King Khufu
What was the name of the biggest and grandese of all Pyramids? And whom was it built for?
The Sun god
Who was Re?
They worshiped Osiris the God of Agriculture because they thought he controlled the food they ate.
Describe at least one way that their religion was tied to agriculture
The Pharaoh's role was total control of political and religious affairs like appointing government officials. He was also considered a god.
Explain the role a pharaoh played in Theocracy.
1) They built magnificent cities 2) increased trade 3)formed a unified government
How did Egypt advance during the Old Kingdom?
Builders had to calculate how much stone was needed and measure angles to construct the walls. They invented a number system based on 10 and created fractions using with whole numbers to add, subtract and divide.
How did building Pyramids advance Egyptians in Mathematics?
1) Upper: lived in elegant homes and estates along Nile River. Houses made of Wood and sundried mud bricks, lush gardens, pools with fish & waterlilies. Men worke white linen clothes, dark eyemakeup and jewelry; Servants waited on them 2) Middle: lived in smaller homes and dressed moe simply than the upper class. 3) Lower: They paide rent to the landowners with a portion of their crops. They lived in houses made of mud brick. Slaves could earn their freedom over time and move up the social system.
How did people in each social class live?
In Social Groups: Upper, Middle, & Lower Classes
How was Egyptian society organized?
By Kings or Pharaoh's
How was ancient Egypt Governed?
Similar: expected to respect parents; Girls are taught to cook and sew, Boys are taught to farm or another trade.
How was life for Egyptian children similar to or different that that of children today?
They thought the Pharaoh was the son of Re, the Egyptian sun god. He was their god on earth who protected Egypt.
How was the Pharaoh a religious leader?
As pets and as sacred creatures. They burried pet mummies sat Temples honoring the gods.
How were animals viewed by Egyptians?
1) Men: Head of family; Taught boys to farm and other trades. 2) Women: Taught girls to sew, cook, and run the household; Women also owned property, could sell & buy goods, obtain divorces, Wealthy women served as priests and manged Temples and performed religious ceremonies. 3) Children: few attended school so had time for fun, playing games, dolls, spinning tops and leather balls. Older children were expected to respect parents and take care of them when old and make sure parents had proper burrial. Teenagers were expected to get married and start a family.
What was the role of Men, Women, and Children?
Upper Class
What was the social status of a bureaucrat in ancient Egypt?
Around 2600 BC until 2200 B.C.
When was the period of the Old Kingdom?
In his body that is why it needed to be protected for the after life.
Where did the Pharaoah's soul reside?
1) Wealthy mummies: in coffins placed in Tombs 2) Poorer mummies: in caves or sand
Where were Wealthy mummies and poorer mummies burried?
The River god
Who was Hapi?
Osiris' Wife representing faithful wife & mother and helped Osiris rule over the wold of the dead.
Who was Isis?
1) The god of Life & Death 2) The god of Agriculture 3)Married to Isis
Who was Osiris?
The god of learning
Who was Thoth?
Imhotep
Who was the first engineer to build pyramids?
Re & Hapi
Who were the most crucial gods?
Why? To honor their Pharaoh's in a special way after death. They were buried with their clothing, weapons, furniture and jewelry to take to the after life. How? Made of stone that took years of hard labor. They would find stone, cut the stone into huge blocks. Then use rope to fasten the blocks onto wooden sleds. Sleds were pulled along a path made of logs to the Nile River. The stones were moved onto barges that carried them to the building site. Workers unloaded the blocks and dragged them up ramps to be set in place at each new level of the pyramid
Why and how were pyramids built?
The process of protecting dead bodies for the afterlife.
Why was the process of embalming important?
Because they believed that a strong ruler unified their Kingdom and his leadership would help them survive WAR & FAMINE (starvation)
Why were the Egyptians so loyal to the pharaoh?