Chapter 5
Which of the following does the heredity approach state?
An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
Who defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine a person's unique adjustments to his/her environment?
Gordon Allport
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen Kate's chances of being selected?
Kate is enterprising and adept at interacting with diverse groups of individuals.
Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights. 51) Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Kate's chances of being selected?
Kate is socially inept and tends to display her true disposition and attitude in every situation.
The ________ is a personality assessment consisting of 100 questions where respondents are classified as extraverted or introverted, sensing or intuitive, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
Personality
Which of the following statements is true about personality?
Personality is influenced by hereditary factors.
Which of the following is true about narcissists?
They are more likely to emerge as leaders
Which of the following terms refers to factors such as one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup determined at conception?
heredity
According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to preferable modes of behavior.
instrumental
Which of the following differentiates introverts from extraverts?
introverts are less impulsive than extraverts.
During an annual review, Michel Godfrey made the following assertion: "When I look at myself and my performance, I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and something no one in the organization has the capacity to undertake. Surprisingly, it has not won me the admiration of my colleagues like it should have. I also believe that I do not just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart." Which of the following personality traits best describes Michel's personality?
narcissism
Marina Lyon works as a reservation executive at a travel and tourism company. Though her job requires her only to efficiently book flight tickets for customers, she has also opted to undergo training to learn the process of hotel reservations. In addition, every evening she reads travelogues to be aware of upcoming travel destinations and trends. She loves the industry she works in and is eager to learn as much as she can. Considering the information given in this case, which dimension of the Big Five model best describes Lyon's personality?
openness to experience
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are flexible and spontaneous.
perceiving
Which of the following is an instrumental value according to the Rokeach Value Survey?
personal discipline
According to the Big Five model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be ________.
responsible, organized, and dependable
Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality?
self-report surveys
According to Hofstede's framework, ________ indicates the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations.
uncertainty avoidance
Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"?
values
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted-intuitive-thinking-judging type of people are ________.
visionaries
The ________ is a personality assessment model that taps basic dimensions which encompass most of the significant variation in human personality, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.
Big Five model
Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a 3-week diversity training program to help him/her learn about his/her new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment. 56) Which of the following, if true, would reduce the likelihood that Bryan will be selected?
Bryan does not cope very well in ambiguous situations.
Which of the following, if true, would increase the likelihood that Bryan will be selected?
Bryan is quite sociable and can "think on his feet."
________ has been found to be more important than other traits in the success of CEOs of private equity companies.
Conscientiousness
________ refers to bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.
Core self-evaluation
John Hardley recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since Hardley has joined he has turned the figures around. In addition to revamping the look of the brand, he has initiated several marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. Over the past 6 months, Hardley has managed to get the company to an all-time high peak of sales. Which of the following statements best describes Hardley?
Hardley has a proactive personality.
With reference to the Big Five Model, which of the following is a difference between highly agreeable and less agreeable people?
Highly agreeable people tend to do better in interpersonally oriented jobs than less agreeable people.
What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?
It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.
Which of the following personality traits indicates the degree to which a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means?
Machiavellianism
________ refers to the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.
Narcissism
Alex was sent to Beijing to help local managers solve the problem of growing worker dissatisfaction at their manufacturing facility located in the city. As part of his visit, he decided to have a town hall meeting with the workers to understand the problems that they were facing and the reasons for their discontent. The turnout at the meeting was substantial; however, when asked for their opinions and suggestions, the crowd fell silent. As a result, Alex was unable to determine the reason for employee dissatisfaction. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation?
There is an unequal distribution of power in the company
Which of the following statements is true about people with positive core self-evaluations?
They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?
They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders.
Which of the following is most likely to be a drawback of highly conscientious people according to the Big Five model?
They do not adapt well to changing contexts.
Which of the following is true regarding the baby boomer generation?
They give high importance to achievement and material success.
Which of the following is true regarding values?
They have content and intensity attributes.
Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys?
They may result in the respondent lying to create a good impression.
A high Mach would be most productive in which of the following positions?
a sales person whose major part of the salary consists of sales commission
With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the investigating type prefer ________.
activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding
Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?
agreeableness
As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________.
are less likely to emerge as leaders
With reference to the Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures, ________ emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.
collectivism
Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?
conscientiousness
People with an ESTJ personality type are characterized as ________ according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification.
decisive
Among the Big Five model traits, ________ is most strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and low stress levels.
emotional stability
Which of the following dimensions of the Big Five model indicates a person's ability to withstand stress?
emotional stability
With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the ________ type prefer verbal activities in which there are opportunities to influence others and attain powers.
enterprising
People scoring high on the ________ dimension of the Big Five model are more likely to be absent from work and engage in risky behavior than those who score low.
extraversion
Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, she is assertive in making decisions, and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following types is Athers most likely to be characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
extraverted
What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for?
extraverted/introverted
Amber Downing, a human resource executive, is in charge of the recruitment process in her organization. During the hiring process, she often needs to coordinate with prospective employees. The organizational process does not require her to inform employees who do not get through the selection process. However she believes that it is rude not to give them an update. She thus makes sure that she sends them e-mails informing them about the selection process. Which of the following types is Downing characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
feeling
With reference to the Hofstede's framework, a class or caste system that discourages upward mobility is more likely to exist in a nation that scores ________.
high on power distance
Individuals scoring ________ have a strong ability to adjust their behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations.
high on self-monitoring
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people with an ENTP personality type are most likely to be ________.
innovative
Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS), which consists of two sets of values, namely ________ values and ________ values.
instrumental; terminal
When we rank an individual's values in order of their ________, we obtain the person's value system.
intensity
Elaine Chamberlain works as a research executive at an environmental organization. Though her colleagues are helpful and friendly, because of her shy nature, she often eats her lunch at her desk and has limited interactions with them. She is glad that her nature of work does not require her to interact with her co-workers to a high extent. Which of the following types is Chamberlain most likely to be characterized as according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
introverted
John Holland's personality-job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is one of these six types?
investigative
According to the Big Five model, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.
low on conscientiousness
With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the realistic type will be most suitable for the job of a(n) ________.
mechanic
Tracy Winter works at a publishing firm in London and recently received an e-mail from the human resource department of her company asking her to study the behavior of a colleague, Cindy Camp, including her attention toward her work, without Camp's knowledge. Winter now needs to scrutinize Camp's behavior and notice if she is free from distractions and pays sufficient attention to her tasks. Which of the following is Winter conducting?
observer-ratings survey
In ________, a co-worker or another observer does an independent assessment of personality, with or without the subject's knowledge.
observer-ratings surveys
According to the Big Five model, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with novelty.
openness to experience
According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine a person's unique adjustments to his/her environment.
personality
Esther Lugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in Manhattan and has been asked to complete a self-report survey to help interviewers understand if she is the right candidate for the job. From the interview, they have found that she is extroverted, empathic, scrupulous, and cooperative in nature, which are key characteristics needed for the job. These characteristics about Lugo indicate her ________.
personality
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type ________.
prefer their world to be ordered
Those with a ________ personality identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs, compared to others who passively react to situations.
proactive
Which of the following are characteristics of the intuitive type of people according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
rely on unconscious processes and look at the overall picture
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details.
sensing
What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of S versus N stand for?
sensing/intuitive
Help Aid, a non-profit organization in Indonesia, works at providing education in underdeveloped countries. They are now looking to hire a teacher who can educate children in Namibia and prepare them for jobs which will enable them to sustain themselves. According to Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to which of the following personality types will best suit Help Aid's requirement?
social
Which of the following is a terminal value according to the Rokeach Value Survey?
social recognition
Individuals low in self-monitoring ________.
tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation
According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to desirable end-states.
terminal
Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutiny and analysis. Each time she needs to make a decision, she weighs all options before taking action. Which of the following is a characteristic of Sinclair's personality type according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
thinking
