Chapter 5 Muscles and Tendons

Prosthesis

(an addition) An artificial part to remedy a defect in the body

Dorsum

(back) The back of any part of the body , including the hand

Fascia

(band) Sheet of fibrous connective tissue

Gluteus

(buttocks) Refers to one of three muscles in the buttocks

Rotator Cuff

(cuff, band) Part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

Fiber

(fiber) A strand or filament

Cyst

(fluid-filled sac) An abnormal, fluid-contracting sac

Pectoral Girdle

(girdle, encircle) Incomplete bony ring that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Therapy

(medical treatment) Systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder

Medius

(middle) The gluteus medius muscle is partly covered by the gluteus maximus

Stenosis

(narrowing) Narrowing of a passage

Physiatry

(science of nature) Physical medicine

Tendon

(sinew) Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

Minimus

(smallest) The gluteus minimus is the smallest of the gluteal muscles and lies under the gluteus medius

Origin

(source of) Fixed source of a muscle at its attachment to bone

Thenar Eminence

(stand out) The fleshly mass at the base of the thumb

Ganglion

(swelling) Fluid-containing swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon

Maximus

(the biggest or the greatest) The gluteus maximus muscle is the largest muscle in the body, covering a large part of each buttocks.

Muscle

(tissue) A tissue consisting of cells that can contract

Strain

(to bind) Overstretch or tear in a muscle or tendon

Popliteal fossa

(trench, ditch) The hollow at the back of the knee

Stenosing tenosynovitis

painful inflammation of the synovial sheaths on the back of the wrist

Orthotist

Maker and fitter of orthopedic appliances

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles

Biceps Brachii

A muscle of the arm that has heads or points of origin on the scapula

Calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)

A tendon formed from gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and inserted into the calcaneus

Sprain

A wrench or tear in a ligament

Abduction

Action of moving away from the midline

Adduction

Action of moving toward the midline

Quadriceps femoris

An anterior thigh muscle with four heads (origins)

Rhabdomyolysis

Destruction of muscle to produce myoglobin

Physical Medicine

Diagnosis and treatment by means of remedial agents, such as exercises, manipulation, heat, etc.

Contract

Draw together or shorten

Hypertrophy

Increase in size, but not in number, of an individual tissue element

Tenosynovitis

Inflammation of a tendon and its surrounding synovial sheath

Multidisciplinary

Involving health care providers from more than one profession

Deltoid

Large, fan-shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus

Gastrocnemius

Major muscle in back of the lower leg (the calf)

Triceps brachii

Muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin

Contracture

Muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis

Brachioradialis

Muscle that helps flex the forearm

Voluntary Muscle

Muscle that is under the control of the will

Brachialis

Muscle that lies underneath the biceps and is the strongest flexor of the forearm

Adductor

Muscle that moves the thigh toward the midline

Orthotic

Orthopedic appliance to correct an abnormality

Fibromyalgia

Pain in the muscle fibers

Ventral

Pertaining to the belly or situated nearer to the surface of the belly

Pectoral

Pertaining to the chest

Prevention

Process to prevent occurrence of a disease or health problem

Myoglobin

Protein of muscle that stores and transports oxygen

Ambulatory

Surgery or any other care provided without an overnight stay in a medical facility

Thymectomy

Surgical removal of the thymus gland

Tone

Tension present in resting muscles

Hypothenar eminence

The fleshy mass at the base of the little finger

Insertion

The insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a more movable part of the skeleton, as distinct from the origin

Atrophy

The wasting away or diminished volume of tissue, an organ, or a body part

Latissimus Dorsi

The widest (broadest) muscle in the back

Rehabilitation

Therapeutic restoration of an ability to function as before

Restorative Rehabilitation

Therapy that promotes renewal of health and strength

Assistive device

Tool, software, or hardware to assist in performing daily activities

Physical Therapy

Use of remedial processes to overcome a physical defect

Occupational therapy

Use of the work and recreational activities to increase independent function

Carpal Tunnel syndrom

develops on the front of the wrist and results from inflammation and swelling of overused tendon sheaths.

Ganglion cysts

fluid-filled cysts on the back of the wrist, result from irritation or inflammation of the synovial tendon sheaths in this area.

Myasthenia gravis

is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal muscles. (Facial muscles are often involded)