sociology chapter 3 culture

example of a more

a woman walking down the street with no shirt on

specific types of norms that formally codify what is permissible or forbidden

laws

provides an arena for playing out culture wars?

media

The most powerful of all norms are

taboos

Modern cultural imperialism is most closely linked to the proliferation of Western media.

true

xamples of cultural leveling?

The existence of Walmart, Starbucks, McDonald's and other chain stores in the vast majority of American towns. The worldwide dominance of American music, movies, and other media in many countries throughout Europe and Asia.

Identify the true and false statements about how sociologists study culture.

True: Sociologists often focus on culture within their own society. Sociologists may engage in the process of "othering" by studying the unusual, extraordinary, or deviant in cultural groups. False: Sociologists debate the morals and values of an ideal culture. Sociologists study the cultures of the past, digging for artifacts that document the historical realities of peoples long dead.

conflict theory

Values and norms are often contested by various groups in society. Dominant culture tends to represent and protect the values, norms, and interests of the most powerful groups in society.

Symbolic Interactionism

Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction.

Structural Funtionalism

Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior.

example of a folkway

a man walking down the street with no shirt on

According to the textbook, what is culture

an entire way of life of a group of people that acts through a lens through which one views the world that is passed from one generation to the next.

The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other social media by terrorist organizations in other countries to recruit new members is an example of cultural diffusion for which reason?

created in western world and adopted by other countries

The controversy surrounding the "bathroom bills" of North Carolina and other states is an example of which of the following concepts

culture wars

Which pair of concepts consists of two direct opposites?

ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

Most large retailers such as Target, H&M, and Old Navy carry similar clothing styles, and thus there is not extreme variation in what most Americans wear. Which sociological concept best explains this phenomenon?

hegemony

We occasionally see stories in the media about a high profile individual, such as a religious or political leader who gets caught doing something the society views as wrong, despite the individual often being seen as a moral leader. These are examples of a disconnect between which two cultural concepts?

ideal and real culture

What cultural concept correctly classifies the idea of equality in the United States?

ideal culture

Place each ritual in order according to its appearance in Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema."

individual enters the shrine room, bows head before charm box, mingles different sorts of holy water in the font, and proceeds with a brief rite of ablution

include severe repercussions and public condemnation

mores

Race-based job discrimination is illegal.

norm

cultural leveling

occurs when cultures that were once distinct become increasingly similar to one another

Identify the subcultural and countercultural groups.

sub cultural: marathon runners comic-book fans counter cultural: eco-terrorists computer hackers

Signs, gestures, and language, as well as values and norms, are all part of

symbolic culture

cultural imperialism

the imposition of one culture's beliefs and practices on another culture through media and consumer products rather than by military force.

examples of moral holidays

the night in the home city of the team that wins the Super Bowl Halloween

Most Americans value the equality and individual freedoms of democracy.

true

Cultural diffusion

usually occurs in the direction from more-developed to less-developed nations,

All people should have the chance to advance by "pulling themselves up by their bootstraps."

value

examples of Cultural Diffusion

the popularity of anime programs like Dragon Ball in the United States during the last two decades the spread of hip-hop music (which originated in African American and Latino communities in New York City) among white youth across the United States

cultural relativism example

An American believes that other languages should be respected and valued equally to English.

true statements about culture

Culture includes both symbolic and material elements. Culture acts as a lens through which individuals view the world. Culture is handed down from generation to generation.

Ethnocentrism example

An American believes that learning a foreign language is not worth the time because English is the superior language.

Although American culture is highly visible worldwide via the media, the moral and political values of the country are not highly visible.

false