Chapter 5: Nonverbal Communication
Percent of Nonverbal Communication
65%-93%
Definition of Nonverbal Communication
All aspects of communication other than words (gestures, body language, how we say words, etc)
"Nonverbal Communication is Ambiguous"
We can never be sure that others understand the meaning we intend to express and whether they read meanings we did not intend
Types of Nonverbal Behavior
kinesics, haptics, physical appearance, olfactics, proxemics, environmental factors, chronemics, paralanguage, silence, and artifacts
Example of Paralanguage
murmurs, gasps; way we talk (joke, threat, questioning), whispering=confidentiality; shouting=excited/angry
Example of Chronemics
people with high status can keep people with low status waiting
Chronemics
perception and use of time
Example of Artifacts
personal objects that announce our identities; makeup, fitted clothes, heels; symbols of your school, doctors=stethoscopes
Proxemics
personal space
Levels of Relationship Meaning in Nonverbal
responsiveness, liking, and power
Example of Proxemics
separate rooms, close to friends and farther from strangers, announces status
Example of Environmental Factors
setting or elements that effect how we feel, think or act; candlelit dinner=romantic
Example of Physical Appearance
sex, skin color, thin, tall and strong=hiring, placement, promotions
Haptics
touch
Paralanguage
vocal qualities
Example of Haptics
babies that are touched thrive more than those that are not
Example of Olfactics
bread and cookies=comfortable; perfume and cologne=ex-boyfriend or girlfriend
Example of Silence
contentment (no need to talk), awkwardness (first date), ignore (angry)
Nonverbal Indicates Responsiveness
eye contact, inflections, posture, facial expressions
Kinesics
face and body motion
Nonverbal Behavior and Verbal Communication
Nonverbal may repeat verbal messages, highlight verbal, compliment/add words, contradict verbal messages, substitute for verbal
Olfactics
smell
Example of Kinesics
stands confidently=self assurance