Chapter 5 Psych
Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate:
Observational learning.
Based on the textbook's discussion, Skinner is known for the study of:
Operant conditioning and shaping.
Credited for laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology.
Pavlov
Reinforcers that satisfy a biological need are called _____ reinforcers.
Primary
The process by which a stimulus increases the likelihood that the preceding behavior will be repeated is called:
Reinforcement
_____ occurs when an extinguished CR reappears after a period of rest.
Spontaneous recovery
In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus during the ______ phase.
Acquisition
In the first phase of the classical conditioning process:
An unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response.
Operant conditioning involves forming associations between:
Behavior and consequences.
Garrett was stung by a bee. Now he is frightened not only of bees but also of wasps and hornets. However, he is not afraid of flies and mosquitos. This example illustrates:
Both stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination.
Negative punishment ____ behavior. Negative reinforcement _____ behavior.
Decreases; Increases
"Responses that lead to pleasurable consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is Thorndike's law of:
Effect.
A scientist conditions a dog to salivate in response to the sound of a tone. The researcher continues to present the tone, but gives the dog no food. Eventually, the dog stops salivating to the tone. The dog is demonstrating:
Extinction
Classical conditioning applies to _____ and involves associations between _______.
Involuntary behavior; Stimuli
Learning that occurs internally and is expressed behaviorally only when there is sufficient motivation to do so is called _____ learning.
Latent
A relatively permanent change in behavior or thinking due to experience is called:
Learning
Compared to behaviors reinforced on a continuous schedule, behaviors reinforced on partial schedules are _____ resistant to extinction.
More
Positive reinforcement occurs when
a desirable stimulus is added following a behavior
Higher order conditioning occurs when:
a second neutral stimulus becomes a new CS after repeated pairings with the original CS.
Positive punishment is:
exemplified by a spanking