Chapter 5 Psych

Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate:

Observational learning.

Based on the textbook's discussion, Skinner is known for the study of:

Operant conditioning and shaping.

Credited for laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology.

Pavlov

Reinforcers that satisfy a biological need are called _____ reinforcers.

Primary

The process by which a stimulus increases the likelihood that the preceding behavior will be repeated is called:

Reinforcement

_____ occurs when an extinguished CR reappears after a period of rest.

Spontaneous recovery

In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus during the ______ phase.

Acquisition

In the first phase of the classical conditioning process:

An unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response.

Operant conditioning involves forming associations between:

Behavior and consequences.

Garrett was stung by a bee. Now he is frightened not only of bees but also of wasps and hornets. However, he is not afraid of flies and mosquitos. This example illustrates:

Both stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination.

Negative punishment ____ behavior. Negative reinforcement _____ behavior.

Decreases; Increases

"Responses that lead to pleasurable consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is Thorndike's law of:

Effect.

A scientist conditions a dog to salivate in response to the sound of a tone. The researcher continues to present the tone, but gives the dog no food. Eventually, the dog stops salivating to the tone. The dog is demonstrating:

Extinction

Classical conditioning applies to _____ and involves associations between _______.

Involuntary behavior; Stimuli

Learning that occurs internally and is expressed behaviorally only when there is sufficient motivation to do so is called _____ learning.

Latent

A relatively permanent change in behavior or thinking due to experience is called:

Learning

Compared to behaviors reinforced on a continuous schedule, behaviors reinforced on partial schedules are _____ resistant to extinction.

More

Positive reinforcement occurs when

a desirable stimulus is added following a behavior

Higher order conditioning occurs when:

a second neutral stimulus becomes a new CS after repeated pairings with the original CS.

Positive punishment is:

exemplified by a spanking