chapter 5 quiz answers and more, SOC 102 EXAM REVIEW

Which of the following is not an example of underemployment? A. After college graduation, Marcus could only find work part-time as a bartender. B. After his wife gave birth to twins, Jerry quit his job to help raise them. C. Following the recession, Ellen lost her fulltime job as a PR assistant and found part-time work as a cosmetic sales associate. D. When John's sales job is outsourced he's forced to take work as a janitor to pay off his student loans

After his wife gave birth to twins, Jerry quit his job to help raise them.

19. From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media? a. Life changing function b. Social norm function c. Entertainment function d. All of the above

All

The term xenophobia can best be defined as: A. An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods. B. A marketing campaign aimed at foreign countries selling American goods. C. A pronounced fear of globalization destroying one's job. D. A hatred of corporate America and the lobbying push.

An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods.

9. Which of the following is NOT an example of new media? a. Barnes and Noble b. Twitter c. Facebook d. The Kindle

Barnes and Noble

Davis is low on cash, but really wants an electric guitar. He offers to trade his acoustic guitar, for his friend Bill's electric guitar. Davis is engaging in: A. Supply and demand B. Mercantilism C. Capitalism D. Bartering

Bartering

8. How has advertising revenue significantly changed in the past few years? a. Newspaper advertising revenue has greatly increased, while online advertising revenue has fallen. b. Cable and online revenue have remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly. c. Magazine revenue has risen steadily, while online and newspaper revenue have fallen dramatically. d. Online advertising revenue has fallen slightly, while newspaper advertising revenue has increased greatly.

Cable and online revenue have remained gravely unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly

The term sorting can be defined as: A. A formalized system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities. B. The process by which students are allowed to choose their own classes based on interest. C. Classifying students based on academic merit or potential. D. The use of education to improve one's social standing.

Classifying students based on academic merit or potential.

16. Tyson visits China over spring break, and after getting online to write home to her parents, she realizes some of her favorite social media sites are blocked by the Chinese government. She becomes concerned with how technology reinforces inequalities among communities, both within and among countries. What sociological perspective best fits Tyson's concerns? a. Functionalist b. Cyberfeminist c. Symbolic Interactionist d. Conflict

Conflict

Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity? A. Symbolic interactionism B. Conflict theory C. Functionalism D. None of the above.

Conflict theory

Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of: A. Grade inflation B. Cultural capital C. Tracking D. The education gap

Cultural capital

1. Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: a. Computer lag b. Digital divide c. Technological pause d. New media

Digital divide

4. After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: a. Digital divide b. Design patent c. Stolen technology d. Evolutionary model of technological change

Evolutionary model of technological change

Which of the following industries is not projected to experience growth within the United States within the next 10 years? A. Financial B. Healthcare C. Community and Social Service C. Farming, Fishing, and Forestry

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry

12. Before the dawn of social media, powerful TV networks and widely circulated newspapers had great influence over the news stories that were reported to the public. This is referred to as: a. Social control b. The great divide c. Gatekeeping d. Discriminatory journalism

Gatekeeping

Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country? A. Financial resources from the government and population B. Geographic distribution of male and female students C. Value placed on education D. Amount of time devoted to education

Geographic distribution of male and female students

Which of the following is an example of convergence theory in action? A. Germany rebuilt its economy after World War II, creating more job opportunities and prosperity for its citizens. B. Following the decline of the automotive industry, Detroit became a bankrupt city with large unemployment. C. The suburbs of Paris became crime-infested after wealthier citizens moved into the city, pushing the lower classes out of their homes. D. Washington DC has become a city to which many young people flock because of its low unemployment rate and job opportunities.

Germany rebuilt its economy after World War II, creating more job opportunities and prosperity for its citizens.

Apple computers ship their computer parts to India to be made, and station their tech support in India. This is an example of a: A. Decisive export B. Global assembly line C. Global commodity chain D. Xenophobia

Global assembly line

14. What is a negative risk of media globalization? a. Social media spreading awareness about social causes. b. Accessible technology being made available to remote societies. c. The spread of computer literacy. d. Governments censoring information for their benefit.

Governments censoring info for their benefit

To make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades (i.e. what was once considered a B, is now considered an A). This is known as: A. GPA debt B. Systematic grading C. Academic bribing D. Grade inflation

Grade inflation

5. Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as: a. Homogenization b. Telecommunication c. Fragmentation d. Illiteration

Homogenization

Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is an example of: A. Outsourcing B. Polarization C. Automation D. The technology gap

Outsourcing

Which sociologist studied how cultural capital helps an individual navigate their culture? A. Max Weber B. Karl Marx C. Émile Durkheim D. Pierre Bourdieu

Pierre Bourdieu

What factors contribute to inequality within the educational system in the United States? A. Racism B. Socioeconomic status C. Racism and socioeconomic status D. None of the these

Racism and socioeconomic status

By 2009, America had suffered several consecutive quarters of economic decline. America was in the midst of a: A. Capital rebuttal B. Recession C. Depression D. Economic sling-shot recovery

Recession

3. Which of the following is an example of planned obsolescence? a. Evangeline refuses to purchase a Droid or an iPhone because her Razor phone has been in perfect shape for the past 6 years. b. Target offers a "buy two, get one free" sale on Blue Ray discs. c. Sarah's iPod breaks just as the newest iPod Nano is being introduced. d. Jerome spills coffee on his MacBook, and it ruins the keyboard.

Sarah's iPod breaking just as the newest iPod nano is being introduced

Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education? A. Socialization B. Social control C. Social placement D. Social networks

Social networks

Terrence and his family own a farm in a remote region of Chile. They farm only enough to produce enough food to feed the family, and pay their taxes. What are Terrence and his family engaging in? A. Capitalism B. Mercantilism C. Capitalistic Farming D. Subsistence Farming

Subsistence Farming

7. Which sociological perspective sees technology and media as a tool individuals use to express how much wealth they have? a. Functionalist b. Cyberfeminist c. Symbolic Interactionist d. Conflict

Symbolic Interactionist

11. Susan has the newest iPhone, iPad, iPod, and Mac. When a new Apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n): a. Republican b. Technophile c. PC person d. Neo-Luddite

Technophile

During what time period did economies begin to develop globally? A. The Industrial Revolution B. The Post-Industrial Revolution C. The Agricultural Revolution D. The Information Age

The Agricultural Revolution

2. E-readiness can be defined as: a. the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge. b. the application of science to solve problems in daily life. c. the virtual experience offered by leading educational institutions. d. the electronic waste created by consumers.

The ability to sort through, intrepret, and process digital knowledge

20. The term cyberfeminism is defined by the text as: a. The application to and promotion of feminism online. b. The removal of feminist social activism from the physical world to the online world. c. The threat of sexism overtaking internet message boards. d. The growing number of young girls who are becoming addicted to World of Warcraft.

The application to and promotion of feminism online

Which of the following is an example of structural unemployment? A. A large fire burns down an automotive plant in Detroit, forcing the employees temporarily out of work. B. Three sales associates from Target are fired after stealing merchandise from the electronics department. C. John quits his job after getting accepted into law school. D. Though many companies are hiring in Washington D.C., unemployment is high in Tennessee.

Though many companies are hiring in Washington D.C., unemployment is high in Tennessee.

When Ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he's not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as: A. Tracking B. Grade inflation C. Feminism D. Manifest function

Tracking

Which of the following is NOT a latent function of education? A. Political and social integration B. Courtship C. Working in groups D. Transmission of culture

Transmission of culture

Jackson lives in rural Chile, and is the son of a poor farmer. The nearest school is 50 miles away, and he has no means to get there. What does the educational system in Jackson's country lack? A. Formal education B. Informal education C. Universal access D. Latent functions

Universal access

The term mercantilism can best be defined as: A. An economic system in which there is private ownership (as opposed to state ownership) and where there is an impetus to produce profit, and thereby wealth. B. When children tend to enter the same or similar occupation as their parents. C. An economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges. D. An economic system in which there is government ownership (often referred to as "state run") of goods and their production, with an impetus to share work and wealth equally among the members of a society.

When children tend to enter the same or similar occupation as their parents.

17. In 1983, 50 corporations owned the majority of mass-media outlets. Today, the majority of mass-media outlets are owned by how many corporations? a. 65 b. 27 c. 6 d. 2

6

13. Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races? a. A conflict theorist b. A symbolic interactionist c. A cyberfeminist d. A functionalist

A conflict theorist

What is the Head Start Program? A. A teaching method which equips students to regurgitate facts in order to do well on standardized tests. B. A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status. C. A state mandate that determines the eligibility of students who expect to attend college. D. A curriculum which requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding.

A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status.

15. The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as: a. A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly b. A network of neighborhood spies who go through local mailboxes and listen in on phone lines c. When people are too overwhelmed with media input to really care about the issue, so their involvement becomes defined by awareness instead of by action about the issue at hand d. An online invasion of spyware which track when controversial political beliefs are being expressed

A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly

Émile Durkheim described mechanical solidarity as: A. A form of socialism under which individuals and cooperative groups exchange products with one another on the basis of mutually satisfactory contracts B. A form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies C. A form of social cohesion that arises out of the mutual interdependence created by the specialization of work D. A practice where jobs are contracted to an outside source, often in another country

A form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies

Which of the following best defines the term commodity? A. A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others. B. An activity that benefits people, such as health care, education, and entertainment. C. An economic system which adheres to the principles of socialism. D. A benefit given to those who participate in the capitalist market.

A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others.

The concept hidden curriculum can be defined as: A. A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission. B. The course objectives teachers incorporate into their syllabi after the semester has started. C. The emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications. D. The unexpected subjects students take an interest in after being exposed to experts in the field.

A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.

What was the significance of NAFTA? A. It encouraged trade with North Korea, which had previously been embargoed. B. It allowed freer trade opportunities for the United States, Canada, and Mexico. C. It forbade trade with any country that didn't use a capitalist government. D. It restricted trade within North American countries by imposing a heavy tax and tariffs.

It allowed freer trade opportunities for the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Which of the following is NOT a method used within the United States to produce educational equality? A. Charter schools B. Mandatory tutoring C. Bussing D. Head Start

Mandatory tutoring

Alex's country was once communist, but now allows limited private ownership of companies, and lets market forces determine production and pricing decisions. What kinds of economy is Alex living in? A. Market Communist B. Market Socialist C. Capitalist D. Democratic

Market Socialist

18. This is a product of ___. a. Cyberfeminism b. Media globalization c. Technological imbalance d. Corporate isolation

Media globalization

Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities? A. Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia B. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission C. Plessy v. Ferguson D. Brown v. the Board of Education

Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia

Jin is a conflict theorist sociologist. Which of the following statements about Occupy Wall Street would most align with Jin's sociological perspective? A. Occupy Wall Street is positive; our capitalist economy is only making social inequality grow larger. B. Occupy Wall Street is a waste of time; our capitalistic economy is keeping our nation healthy, and is designed for maximum efficiency. C. Occupy Wall Street is a threat; with so many angry people gathered in one place, horrible violence will surely break out. D. Occupy Wall Street is dangerous; large crowds in these environments heighten the risk for sexual abuse and gender discrimination.

Occupy Wall Street is positive; our capitalist economy is only making social inequality grow larger.

Which of the following is an example of polarization? A. The job market is increasing in the lowest economic levels, and is increasing in the highest economic levels. B. A professional career is guaranteed after earning a college degree. C. Unemployment is down for those with PhDs and those without a high school education. D. The recession has encouraged many workers to earn their associate degrees.

The job market is increasing in the lowest economic levels, and is increasing in the highest economic levels.

The term formal education is defined by the text as: A. Learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society. B. The education one receives at a private school, parochial school, or private college. C. An education that is accompanied by a tutor at all times. D. The learning of academic facts and concepts.

The learning of academic facts and concepts.

Which of the following best defines the term globalization? A. The process of removing manufacturing and industrial sites from foreign countries and returning them to the United States. B. When products are assembled over the course of several international transactions. C. Long periods of recession followed by sharp economic upturn worldwide. D. The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.

The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.

6. The term technological diffusion is defined as: a. The spread of technology across borders. b. The global lack of access to online media. c. A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly. d. The breakdown of communication between technological innovators and the general public.

The spread of technology across borders

What is one reason unemployment statistics are unreliable? A. Those surveyed frequently lie about their employment status. B. The statistics include only those who are currently looking for work. C. The government only surveys those who have been out of work for a year or more. D. Different states define unemployment in different ways.

The statistics include only those who are currently looking for work.

10. The term media globalization can be defined as: a. The cross-cultural development and exchange of computer hardware. b. The governmental sanction allowing worldwide access to media education. c. The inability of geographically rural areas to access new media. d. The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.

The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas