Chapter 5 The Integumentary System

All cells in the epidermis arise from mitotic activity in stratum: A) basale. B) corneum. C) granulosum. D) lucidum.

A) basale.

Which of the following is an appropriate skin response to cold? A) dermal blood vessels vasoconstrict B) dermal blood vessels vasodilate C) vitamin D production increases D) sebaceous gland secretions increase

A) dermal blood vessels vasoconstrict

Tommy fell and skinned his knee. The scrape did not bleed. He must have only damaged the: A) epidermis. B) dermis. C) hypodermis. D) subcutaneous layer.

A) epidermis

The main components of the skin are the: A) epidermis and dermis. B) dermis and hypodermis. C) epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. D) epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and the subcutaneous layer.

A) epidermis and dermis.

The region of skin that provides a tough barrier against pathogens and trauma is the: A) epidermis. B) dermis. C) hypodermis. D) subcutaneous layer.

A) epidermis.

The cuticle around a nail is the: A) eponychium. B) hyponychium. C) perinychium. D) lunula.

A) eponychium.

A patient arrives in your clinic with a sunburn that affects the epidermis only. Her skin appears red and is mildly painful. You believe she has a: A) first-degree burn. B) second-degree burn. C) third-degree burn. D) fourth-degree burn.

A) first-degree burn.

Thick skin lacks: A) hair follicles. B) stratum lucidum. C) sweat glands. D) stratum granulosum.

A) hair follicles.

What tissue composes the epidermis of the skin? A) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium B) nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium C) nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium D) transitional epithelium

A) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What is the most numerous cell type in the epidermis? A) keratinocyte B) dendritic (Langerhans) cell C) melanocyte D) Merkel cell

A) keratinocyte

Thomas is deaf, but can feel the vibrations of music through sensory receptors in his skin called: A) lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles. B) dermal papillae. C) Merkel cells. D) tactile (Meissner) corpuscles.

A) lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles.

What do vellus hairs lack? A) pigment B) cortex C) keratin D) cuticle

A) pigment

Trauma to stratum basale would NOT interfere with the skin's ability to: A) shed dead cells. B) grow. C) produce vitamin D. D) produce melanin.

A) shed dead cells.

Mammary glands are specialized: A) sweat glands. B) holocrine glands. C) sebaceous glands. D) ceruminous glands.

A) sweat glands.

Under what conditions would the skin produce sweat and experience cutaneous vasodilation? A) upon increase in body temperature B) upon exposure to UV radiation C) upon decrease in body temperature D) due to lack of oxygen

A) upon increase in body temperature

Despite the strength of the dermis, it is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn? A) The skin will darken due to increased melanin accumulation. B) Generally permanent stretch marks, or striae, appear. C) Flexure lines appear where the skin has been stressed. D) Tension, or cleavage, lines disappear.

B) Generally permanent stretch marks, or striae, appear.

How do melanocytes and keratinocytes work together to protect the skin from UV damage? A) Keratinocytes provide the melanocyte with nutrients critical for melanin synthesis. B) Keratinocytes accumulate melanin granules to shield the keratinocyte's DNA. C) Keratinocytes maintain the proper pH for melanocytes to synthesize melanin granules. D) Keratinocytes maintain the appropriate temperature so the melanin will not denature.

B) Keratinocytes accumulate melanin granules to shield the keratinocyte's DNA.

Humans often purchase antiperspirants and deodorants to suppress and mask the odors of secretions from the: A) eccrine glands. B) apocrine glands. C) mammary glands. D) sebaceous glands.

B) apocrine glands.

The rule of nines is used to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by: A) melanin. B) burns. C) basal cell carcinoma. D) malignant melanoma.

B) burns.

The most superficial component of the skin is the: A) loose connective tissue. B) epidermis. C) hypodermis. D) dermis.

B) epidermis.

Exercise often makes the skin flush red, a condition known as: A) jaundice. B) erythema. C) pallor. D) cyanosis.

B) erythema.

What part of the hair dies in response to hormones, such as testosterone, in male pattern baldness? A) hair matrix B) hair follicle C) hair cortex D) hair medulla

B) hair follicle

The nail body covers the: A) nail root. B) nail bed. C) lunula. D) cuticle.

B) nail bed.

Thin skin contains: A) the same layers of keratinocytes as thick skin. B) one less layer of keratinocytes than thick skin. C) one more layer of keratinocytes than thick skin. D) two more layers of keratinocytes than thick skin.

B) one less layer of keratinocytes than thick skin.

Where is thick skin located? A) face B) palms C) buttocks D) elbow

B) palms

What stimulates the secretion of sebum? A) high temperatures B) sex hormones C) UV radiation D) low temperatures

B) sex hormones

A callus may develop when both thin and thick skin are subjected to repeated pressure. Which layer of the epidermis develops the callus? A) stratum spinosum B) stratum corneum C) stratum basale D) stratum lucidum

B) stratum corneum

Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by prominent cytoplasmic granules in the cells? A) stratum corneum B) stratum granulosum C) stratum lucidum D) stratum spinosum

B) stratum granulosum

Skin without keratin would be more likely to: A) lose the sensation of touch. B) tear upon being mechanically stressed. C) burn upon exposure to the sun. D) be unable to thermoregulate.

B) tear upon being mechanically stressed.

What does cyanosis signify? A) A person has been exposed to too much sun. B) A person has been kept out of the sun. C) A person has oxygen-starved skin. D) A person has been exposed to cyanide.

C) A person has oxygen-starved skin.

Jill is blind and often uses braille to read her school assignments. What cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis helps her discriminate between the textured dots? A) keratinocyte B) melanocyte C) Merkel cell D) dendritic (Langerhans) cell

C) Merkel cell

Melanin is produced upon exposure to: A) cold. B) heat. C) UV radiation. D) wind.

C) UV radiation.

Why is vitamin D necessary? A) Vitamin D protects the skin from pathogens. B) Vitamin D protects the skin from UV radiation. C) Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption from the small intestine. D) Vitamin D critical for thermoregulation.

C) Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption from the small intestine.

What stands hairs on end, causing piloerection? A) epidermal ridges B) dermal papillae C) arrector pili muscle D) epithelial root sheath

C) arrector pili muscle

Which of the following is a yellow-orange skin pigment? A) melanin B) hemoglobin C) carotene D) cyanide

C) carotene

Where are blood vessels housed that nourish the epidermis? A) the reticular layer of the dermis B) stratum basale of the epidermis C) dermal papillae D) lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles

C) dermal papillae

Which sensation is NOT detected by the skin? A) light touch B) texture C) equilibrium D) temperature

C) equilibrium

What do dead keratinized cells form? A) arrector pili muscle B) hair bulb C) hair shaft D) hair root

C) hair shaft

Thin skin lacks stratum: A) corneum. B) granulosum. C) lucidum. D) spinosum.

C) lucidum.

Nail production occurs at the nail: A) body. B) bed. C) root. D) cuticle.

C) root.

A splinter penetrated into the skin on the palmar surface of the hand. The splinter nearly reached stratum basale of the epidermis. What is the final layer injured by this splinter? A) stratum lucidum of the epidermis B) stratum corneum of the epidermis C) stratum spinosum of the epidermis D) stratum granulosum of the epidermis

C) stratum spinosum of the epidermis

Eccrine glands produce: A) cerumen. B) sebum. C) sweat containing mostly water. D) hormones.

C) sweat containing mostly water.

For a male post-puberty, the majority of vellus hairs have transitioned to: A) arrector pili muscles. B) white hairs. C) terminal hairs. D) lanugo.

C) terminal hairs.

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a: A) first-degree burn. B) second-degree burn. C) third-degree burn. D) partial-thickness burn.

C) third-degree burn.

How long will it take for a suntan to fade? A) 5 to 10 days B) 10 to 20 days C) 20 to 40 days D) 40 to 50 days

D) 40 to 50 days

Which of the following occurs if body temperature rises above normal? A) Sweat gland activity decreases. B) The activity of melanocytes increases. C) Evaporative cooling decreases. D) Blood flow to the dermis increases.

D) Blood flow to the dermis increases.

How do nutrients reach the epidermis of the skin? A) Blood vessels carry nutrients directly into the epidermis. B) Solute pumping transports nutrients into the epidermis. C) Nutrients migrate in vesicles from the hypodermis into the epidermis. D) Diffusion transports nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis into the epidermis.

D) Diffusion transports nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis into the epidermis.

What tissue composes the reticular layer of the dermis? A) hyaline cartilage. B) loose connective tissue C) dense regular connective tissue D) dense irregular connective tissue

D) dense irregular connective tissue

What type of cell junction bands together adjacent cells, making the epidermis stronger? A) occluding junction B) gap junction C) tight junction D) desmosome

D) desmosome

We have unique patterns on our fingers, toes, palms, and soles created by: A) Merkel cells. B) dendritic (Langerhans) cells. C) cleavage lines. D) epidermal ridges.

D) epidermal ridges.

Which of the following cells is associated with the dermis? A) keratinocyte B) melanocyte C) dendritic (Langerhans) cell D) fibroblast

D) fibroblast

Subcutaneous injections involve administration of medicine into the: A) epidermis. B) papillary layer of the dermis. C) reticular layer of the dermis. D) hypodermis.

D) hypodermis.

The epidermis is: A) keratinized mucous membrane. B) nonkeratinized mucous membrane. C) nonkeratinized cutaneous membrane. D) keratinized cutaneous membrane.

D) keratinized cutaneous membrane.

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from: A) keratinocytes in stratum corneum. B) melanocytes. C) keratinocytes in stratum basale. D) keratinocytes in stratum spinosum.

D) keratinocytes in stratum spinosum.

What symptom distinguishes a second-degree from a third-degree burn? A) presence of significant pain initially with the third-degree burn B) presence of erythema associated with the third-degree burn C) presence of blisters associated with the third-degree burn D) lack of initial pain associated with the third-degree burn

D) lack of initial pain associated with the third-degree burn

Exposure to UV radiation causes the skin to darken by increasing the production of: A) hemoglobin. B) keratin. C) collagen. D) melanin.

D) melanin.

The ABCDE rule is used to distinguish normal moles from: A) squamous cell carcinoma. B) basal cell carcinoma. C) freckles. D) melanoma.

D) melanoma.

The most superficial layer of the dermis is the: A) stratum basale. B) hypodermis. C) reticular layer. D) papillary layer.

D) papillary layer.

From deep to superficial, what is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis? A) stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum basale B) stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum C) stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum granulosum D) stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

D) stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Why are eyelashes shorter than terminal hairs on the scalp? A) hormones in the eyebrow follicle turn off growth after it has reached a predetermined length B) the vascular supply of the eyebrow follicle is much less than that of the hair follicle on the scalp C) eyelashes grow slower than terminal hairs D) the growth stage of an eyelash is shorter

D) the growth stage of an eyelash is shorter

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? A) thermoregulation B) sensation C) protection D) vitamin A synthesis

D) vitamin A synthesis

T/F Extreme stretching of the reticular layer of the dermis results in tension, or cleavage, lines.

False

T/F Skin pigmentation is provided by Merkel cells.

False

T/F Stratum lucidum is found in all types of skin covering the entire body.

False

T/F The ABCDE rule divides the body into 11 areas, each representing 9% of the total body surface area to estimate the percent of the body affected by burns.

False

T/F The papillary layer of the dermis consists of loose connective tissue that is built for warmth and insulation.

False

T/F The rule of nines is used to distinguish the various types of skin cancers from one another.

False

T/F Carotene and hemoglobin are two minor skin pigments that contribute to skin color.

True

T/F Cerumen, produced by modified apocrine glands, lines the ear canal to lubricate the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and trap incoming particles before they reach the membrane.

True

T/F Hairs grow from cells in the matrix of the root that are still undergoing keratinization.

True

T/F Subcutaneous injections are placed into the hypodermis beneath the skin.

True

T/F Thermoreceptors detect temperature changes in the skin and internal body fluids.

True

T/F Vesicles known as melanosomes are taken into the cytosol of keratinocytes by endocytosis. The melanosome is transported to the superficial side of the keratinocyte to shield its nucleus.

True