chapter 6-8 part 2, chapter 9 and 12 psych, Psych exam, Chapter 6, Psych 3 and 4 quiz, Psych chp 4, Quiz chp 3 Psych, Psych Chapter 3
Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________. representativeness bias self-fulfilling prophecy confirmation bias availability heuristic
Confirmation bias
Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America? authoritarian disorganized permissive authoritative
Authoritative
Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this? primary continuous partial secondary
Continuous
Cerebellum
Controls our balance, coordination, movement and motor skills
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) contain what two systems?
Autonomic NS and Somatic NS
________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. Beliefs Values Emotions Concepts
Concepts
In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgramâ s instructions. confederate ally associate union
Confederate
Order of action potential
1.) Resting potential, 2.) Threshold of excitation, 3.) Peak action potential, 4.) Reploarization, 5.) hyperpolarization
What stage of sleep are you most likely experiencing if an EEG of your brain activity showed sleep spindles and K-complexes? 1 2 REM 3
2
The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition
emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition
When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________. sympathy empathy instrumental support infatuation
empathy
Hypothalamus
endocrine and autonomic NS master command
genetic environmental correlation
environment at home, like bronny jr being a good basketball play always being around basketball
The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.
evolution by natural selection
The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off. genetic mutation evolution by natural selection survivalism behavioral genetics
evolution by natural selection
The ________ theory explains that the immediate associations involved in a conditioned taste aversion are a result of adaptation that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful. behavioral evolutionary the cognitive social learning
evolutionary
Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness? dependent evolutionary Freudian cognitive behavioral
evolutionary
Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.
evolutionary psychologists
changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________. evolutionary psychologists behavioral psychologists historical psychologists behavioral geneticists
evolutionary psychologists
Narcotics/Opiates
external drugs that target the bodys natural pain killing system, Pain relief and euphoric (Heroin, MOrphine,)
Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system? homeostasis insomnia melatonin rhythm
homeostasis
________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
homeostasis
________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels. resting potential reuptake homeostasis synergy
homeostasis
Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?" gender dysphoria asexuality transphobia homophobia
homophobia
Adaptive function
hypothesis that sleep is essential to restore resources that are expended during the day, and sleep is an adaptive response to predatory risk
Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory. explicit sensory implicit semantic
implicit
what is dopamine potential effect on behavior
increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
logitudinal fissure
indentation that separates the brain into right and left hemispheres.
Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience. theoretical practical indirect direct
indirect
Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of the multiple intelligences model does this exemplify? linguistic intrapersonal interpersonal naturalist
interpersonal
In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence. interpersonal; intrapersonal musical; linguistic intrapersonal; naturalist logical-mathematical; interpersonal
interpersonal; intrapersonal
right brain functions
intuition, creativity, art and music
Hypnosis
is an extreme focus on the self and highly open to suggestions.
Biological rythm
is an internal cycle of biological activity like menstrual, level of alertness. its homestasis
The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. come-uppance just-world equal status equipoentiality
just-world
Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? crying while asleep talking while asleep snoring while asleep kicking and punching while asleep
kicking and punching while asleep
Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule? feeding your fish every day at 8 a.m. checking your e-mail at random times throughout the day instead of every time you hear the new e-mail notification playing the slot machine knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart
knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart
Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning. partial primary latent conditioned
latent
Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content. biological circadian manifest latent
latent
One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.
lateralization
One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function. lateralization Wernicke's area synaptogenesis brain organization
lateralization
In Pavlov's classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ________. learned instinctive reactive reflexive
learned
What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience? conditioning reflexes learning instincts
learning
Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language? grammar phoneme lexicon morpheme
lexicon
range of reaction
limits are set from genes like IQ
Left brain functions
logic, language, science and math
Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory. logical-mathematical spatial bodily kinesthetic interpersonal
logical-mathematical
What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ________. lexicon ability to communicate ability to speak mastery of the grammatical aspects of language
mastery of the grammatical aspects of language
A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness. narcolepsy meditation cognizance insomnia
meditation
The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron.
membrane potential
The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron. intracellular fluid membrane potential extracellular fluid resting potential
membrane potential
Hyperpolarization means that the ________.
membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential
Hyperpolarization means that the ________. sodium gates open membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential membrane potential becomes more positive than the resting potential potassium gates open
membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential
what is Glutamate involved in?
memory, learning
Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________. mental set functional fixedness hindsight bias confirmation bias
mental set
When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________. Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm misinformation effect paradigm levels of processing theory equipotentiality hypothesis
misinformation effect paradigm
Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________. cognition response stimulus model
model
A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning. syllable morpheme phoneme letter
morpheme
Epigenetics
multiple phenotypes from the same genotype.
Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________. insomnia restless leg syndrome narcolepsy night terrors
narcolepsy
Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept. prototypical artificial natural modular
natural
Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________. negative punishment positive reinforcement positive punishment negative reinforcement
negative reinforcement
In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________. neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus neutral response and a conditioned response neutral stimulus and a neutral response conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response
neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?
no sensation in his legs and feet
Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage? pretend play egocentrism language development object permanence
object permanence
Receptors
on post-synaptic cell bind with neurotransmitters
People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.
only the right visual field
People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________. only the right visual field only the left visual field neither visual field both visual fields
only the right visual field
Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this? operant conditioning classical conditioning modeling imitation
operant conditioning
Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________. parasomnias somnambulism protoconsciousness lucid dreaming
parasomnias
The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract. sympathetic somatic autonomic parasympathetic
parasympathetic
In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed. primary continuous secondary partial
partial
When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself. haloed peripheral compliance central
peripheral
Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting set of instructions to be carried out without deviation written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities prescription for psychotropic medicine
person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting
A(n) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language. phoneme morpheme syllable syntactic unit
phoneme
Melatonin is released from
pineal gland
Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a â tracerâ and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?
positron emission tomography (PET)
Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a â tracerâ and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study? magnet resonance imaging (MRI) positron emission tomography (PET) electroencephalograph (EEG) computerized tomography (CT) scan
positron emission tomography (PET)
Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and heâ d get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify? formal operational pre-conventional conventional post-conventional
pre-conventional
Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so frequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify? psychological dependence polysubstance abuse disorder synergistic effects physical dependence
psychological dependence
________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall. behavioral genetics environmental psychology evolutionary psychology range of reaction
range of reaction
Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________. altruism infatuation reciprocity groupthink
reciprocity
In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________. declarative memory relearning rehearsal hyperthymesia
rehearsal
You see a television commercial for a product you may want to buy, and there is a telephone number you must call to place an order. Because you don't have anything with which to write down the number, you repeat it to yourself over and over again until you feel like you wont forget it. This process is called ________. distributed practice chunking rehearsal the method of loci
rehearsal
Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system. recall recognition relearning an engram
relearning
Which of the following is a good example of the use of a mnemonic? thinking about a bike you plan to buy and having the image of the bike appear in your mind dreaming about an airport and deciding to take a trip being able to hum the tune to a song even when you cant remember the lyrics remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES
remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES
The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________. storage hyperthymesia retrieval encoding
retrieval
Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia. anterograde retrograde flashbulb graduated
retrograde
What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________. demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence revealed a genetic component to intelligence suggested that intelligence is affected by early adoption
revealed a genetic component to intelligence
Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning? blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long it takes him to estimate the size of a room pairing a puff of air to the eye with seeing the color red in order to find out how many repetitions it will take for someone to blink when he sees the color red rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily determining how long it takes someone to learn how to fish if he is only allowed to watch other people fishing
rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily
Gyri
ridges of the brain
Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way. script artificial role event
role
Homozygous
same alleles
During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. confirmation bias effort justification in-group bias scapegoating
scapegoating
Genes
secitons of DNA that code for specific traits
Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? seeking outside opinions on group decisions avoiding the development of any contingency plans having the group leader make their position known before discussion begins voting publicly in front of group members
seeking outside opinions on group decisions
Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? syntax semantics language interpretation
semantics
Sulci
shallow grooves in between Gyri
Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?
smell
Crack is regarded as more addictive than cocaine because it is ________. cheaper, so people can afford more of it easier to get, so people can take more at once frequently smoked in combination with pharmaceuticals smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly
smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly
What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment? students cannot be trusted in roles of authority students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior
social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior
what is Narcolepsy and what does it include
spontaneous falling asleep, usually when aroused (cataplexy)
Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. the actor-observer effect groupthink the self-serving bias the fundamental attribution error
the fundamental attribution error
collective unconscious
the hypothesized part of the unconscious that all people of all cultures share information thru dreams
Biological Perspective
the psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior
peripheral nervous system
the sensory and motor neurons, bodys link to the outside world
Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infantâ s needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Eriksonâ s developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage? industry vs. inferiority identity vs. confusion autonomy vs. shame/doubt trust vs. mistrust
trust vs. mistrust
Elaborative rehearsal involves ________. organizing information into manageable bits or chunks thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory immediately applying new information to a practical problem sleeping immediately after learning new information to allow your mind to process it
thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
Stage 1 sleep
transition to sleep, alpha waves
Amygdala
Emotion regulation, FEAR
What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? sexual preference biology environment and culture genetics
Environment and Culture
Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills. native fine gross manipulative
FIne
sympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight
The Brain is broken down into 3 parts?
Forebrain, Hindbrain, and Midbrain
According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes? sensorimotor concrete operational preoperational formal operational
Formal Operational
During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex.
Frontal
Broca's area
Frontal lobe, Production of speech (stutter)
DNA
Genetic master code
Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendys ________ must be ________ and her fathers must be Bb.
Genotype;bb
A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.
undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration
Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________. usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors report no memory of the events that occurred during the period they were hypnotized usually do not have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are not in control of their own behaviors can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist
usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors
During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? when they feel sure of their own decisions when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions when they really want to be liked by a group of peers when the correct choice is unclear
when the correct choice is unclear
Computerized Tomography (CT)
xray pass differing density to generate photo. Shows Structure
Which statement about groupthink is correct? Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present.
Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.
________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. Social facilitation Social loafing Group polarization Cognitive dissonance
Group polarization
What was the overall result of Lashley's research that sought out the engram of human memory? He located the engram across the structures of the limbic system. He observed that the engram exists in childhood but disappears when it is no longer needed. He found no evidence that an engram actual exists. He identified an engram in the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
He found no evidence that an engram actual exists.
Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?
He had severe seizures.
Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons? He was born with an extra area of the cortex. He had severe seizures. He had encephalitis as a child. He suffered serious symptoms as a result of having polio.
He had severe seizures.
Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? object permanence egocentrism reversibility stranger anxiety
Object permanence
Sleep Apnea includes
Obstructive (airway becomes blocked), Central (CNS isnt triggering breath)
what is beta-endorphin involved in
Pain,pleasure
Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule? variable interval fixed interval fixed ratio variable ratio
Varible Ratio
What does the occipital lobe do?
Vision cortex, Visual association area.
Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by oneâ s culture as well as their interactions with their own environment? Piaget Kohlberg Ainsworth Vygotsky
Vygotsky
Which option is NOT one of the Wechsler tests of intelligence? Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM)
Genotype
What genes are present, combo of dominant and recessive alleles EX. Bb, BB, bb
Substantia Nigra
Where dopamine is produced and is involved in control of movement
Ventral tegmentral area
Where dopamine is produced for mood, reward, and addiction
Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood? younger average age for marriage changing cultural expectations changes in the workforce taking longer to complete a college degree
Younger age for marriage
A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge. zygote fetus placenta embryo
Zygote
Reuptake
a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron ,so recycled
What is a social role? a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members
a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group
Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS? smoking in the home hyperthermia premature birth above average birth weight
above average birth weight
18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, â Look mommy, apples!â His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________. accommodation seriation reversibility assimilation
accommodation
Terrance finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding. acoustic sensory visual semantic
acoustic
Which two concepts can be thought of as opposite processes within the classical conditioning model? acquisition and extinction latent learning and insight learning continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement punishment and reinforcement
acquisition and extinction
If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________. after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character after dreaming they were on television after dreaming about having a fight with their parents after seeing a television character being punished for taking violent action against another character
after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character
If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using? cerebellum prefrontal cortex amygdala hippocampus
amygdala
What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged? another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus people would become comatose areas near the hippocampus would decay, followed by a cascading failure of the brain leading to death people would lose their ability to feel fear
another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus
The famous case of H.M. demonstrated ________ amnesia, a condition in which a person can remember previously encoded memories but cannot encode new ones. proactive retrograde anterograde retroactive
anterograde
Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use
anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use
Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love. romantic fatuous companionate consummate
companionate
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?
dopamine; norepinephrine
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression? dopamine; norepinephrine dopamine; acetylcholine serotonin; glutamate serotonin; GABA
dopamine; norepinephrine
psychotropic medications
drugs that restore imbalance of NT signaling to treat disorders like depression.
Although her reading skills are just fine, Beatriz has difficulty with her writing. Her teachers have noticed that no matter how hard she tries and how much they work with her the handwriting on her papers is almost illegible. Further, although she has great thoughts and understands concepts at a high level, she is unable to put them into a cohesive written paper. Beatriz may suffer from ________. dysgraphia intellectual disability dyscalculia dyslexia
dysgraphia
Barney used to live in Pittsburgh, and his telephone number started with the area code 412. Now he has moved to Baltimore, and his new telephone number has an area code of 410. Barney remembers his new area code by connecting it to the old one and just a subtracting two. This is an example of ________ rehearsal. mnemonic elaborative maintenance massed
elaborative
circadian rhythm
24 hour biological rhythm, Cuased from hypothalumus becuase hypothalumus is homestasis.
Thea waves
2nd low freq, 2nd highest amp
Recent research conducted by Cowan (2010) has found that the capacity of working memory is how many units of information? 4 plus or minus 1 9 plus or minus 3 3 plus or minus 2 7 plus or minus 2
4 plus or minus 1
An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability. 70 130 100 40
70
What is an advanced directive? A statement of what a person wants done with their estate, including who their possessions should go to. A legal document that bars anyone from providing resuscitative care if oneâ s heart should stop or they stop breathing. An indication of what a person wants for their own funeral ceremonies (including requesting that no funeral be held). A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.
A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.
What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test? An employee of the Social Security administration. A professional trained in psychology. A social worker who operates in a high school or middle school. A board-certified psychiatrist.
A professional trained in psychology.
What was the most controversial conclusion made by Arthur Jensen with regard to Level 1 and Level II intelligence? Those without Level II intelligence should be sterilized so that they could not reproduce. African Americans, as a group, had the lowest amount of Level II intelligence. Level I intelligence at higher levels should exempt citizens from military service. Level I intelligence could only be mastered by those who were socioeconomically advantaged.
African Americans, as a group, had the lowest amount of Level II intelligence.
When does REM come in to the stages
After Stage 3 and then after that it goes in a cycle again
Which individual was asked by the French government to create an assessment tool - an intelligence test, of sorts - that would be used to identify schoolchildren who would be more likely to have difficulty in school? Louis Terman Marcelle Curie Alfred Binet Sir Francis Galton
Alfred Binet
Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________. An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic. A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing. An individualâ s airway becomes blocked during sleep. Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.
An individualâ s airway becomes blocked during sleep.
Stimulants
Any drug that increases overall levels of neural activity (cocaine, caffeine, nicotine)
________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics. Prototypical Natural Artificial Ideal
Artificial
Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. Cacioppo Asch Milgram Zimbardo
Asch
Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement? Lana wants to receive a candy bar and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she earns enough good behavior tokens. Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it. Park wants to avoid detention, so he follows the school rules and does not smoke on the playground. Ryan observes Cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast.
Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.
What is the main idea of operant conditioning? One can learn new behaviors by observing others. Fear is a conditioned response. Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments. Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.
What occurs during stage 1 sleep? Both our respiration and heartbeat quicken. Our respiration slows down while our heartbeat quickens. Our respiration quickens while our heartbeat slows down. Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.
Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.
what is Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) involved in.
Brain function, Sleep
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Brain waves measured thru skull SHOWS FUNCTION
Sleep spindle
Burst of high freq
Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning. Rosalie Rayner Little Albert Edward C. Tolman Ivan Pavlov
C
Who believed that dreams allowed us to tap into the collective unconscious
Carl Jung
The Somatic Nervous System
Carries sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS and also relay motor commands to msucles
Nervous system is broken into what two systems?
Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System
functinoal magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Changes in metabolic activity in time SHOWS FUNCTION
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.
Chromosomes;Dna
________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. Cognition Personality Priming Conceptualization
Cognition
________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. Psychosocial Artistic Emotional Cognitive
Cognitive
Which of the following is an example of a reflex? A.) deciding that you want to be a parent B.) jumping for joy when your favorite team wins a championship C.) addressing your elders as "sir" or "ma'am" because that is how you were raised D.) the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light
D.) the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light
Melatonin is stimulated by ____________________________ and inhibited by _____________________________.
Darkness;daylight
What is beta-endorphin potential effect on behavior.
Decreased Anxiety
What is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) potential on behavior
Decreased anxiety, Deceased tension
Stage 3 sleep
Deep sleep, Delta waves, dream but dont remember
Latent content
Deeper meaning
Heterozygous
Diff alleles
When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, weâ d say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory. unidirectional discontinuous bidirectional continuous
Discontinuous
Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this? secure disorganized avoidant resistant
Disorganized
________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments. Situationism Collectivism Moralism Dispositionism
Dispositionism
Which statement about B. F. Skinner is correct? His experiments demonstrated that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement. He placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze. He worked with Edward C. Tolman to prove that fear is both an instinct and a reflex. He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.
He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.
what is Norepinephrine involved in?
Heart, Intestines, alertness
sedative-hypnotics, addiction and withdrawls
High potential for abuse includes ( alchol, Xanx, Roofies.) Withdrawls can be life threatning
Narcotics/ Opiates addictions and withdrawls
Highly addictive, high potential for abuse and high potential for overdose.. Withdrawal is unpleasant but not life threatening
Medula
Homeostasis
Mealatonin helps
Homeostasis, immune function
Phenotype
How genes are expressed, dictated by dominate alleles EX. Brown eyes
Cognitive function
Hypothesis that focuses on sleeps importance for cognitive function and memory formation.
Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development. generativity vs. stagnation isolation vs. intimacy identity vs. confusion trust vs. mistrust
Identity vs. confusion
What is acetylcholine potential effect on behavior
Increased arousal, enhanced cognition
what is the potential effect on behavior Norepinephrine have?
Increased arousal, suppressed appetite
what is the potential behavior on effect of Glutamate?
Increased learning, enhanced memory
What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again.
Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.
Polygenic traits
Influenced by more than one gene EX.skin color, Body weight
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gageâ s accident, which led to brain injury? Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors. Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior. Temporal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses.
Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.
After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage? generativity vs. stagnation identity vs. guilt integrity vs. despair initiative vs. guilt
Integrity vs. despair
Depressant
Is any drug that suppresses the CNS, lowered response rate, decreased alertness
From a cognitive psychology perspective, why is getting plenty of sleep the night before an exam important? It makes sure that your neurons are firing at peak speed and efficiency. A good night of sleep inhibits the experience of retroactive interference. It decreases the likelihood of experiencing transience of memories. It allows for consolidation of studied material in long-term memory.
It allows for consolidation of studied material in long-term memory.
Which option is the most valid criticism of Watson and Rayner's work with "little Albert"? The provided no compensation to Albert's mother for his participation in the study. It did not use multiple pairings of an UCS with a NS. They did not have the permission of Albert's mother to conduct the research. It would be unethical by today's research standards.
It would be unethical by today's research standards.
Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. groupthink informational confirmatory normative
Normative
Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment? Belinda saw Mavis receive a hug for cleaning his room. She is careful to clean her room because she saw Mavis get a reward for doing it. Job wants to avoid being fired, so he follows the shop rules and does not smoke in the bathroom. Laurie wants to receive a smiley sticker and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she behaves herself. Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them.
Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them.
Hippocampus
Learning and memory, spatial and personal memories
Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias? Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams. Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are. Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more. Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam.
Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.
Forebrain contains what three things?
Limbic system, Thalamus, Cerebral Cortex.
Cataplexy
Loss of muscle tone like in REM
Alpha waves
Low freq, high amplitude
Delta waves
Lowest freq, highest high amp
Magentic resonance imaging (MRI)
Magnetic fields used to produce pic. SHOWS STRUCTURE
Which pair of individuals is most likely to have the highest similarity in their IQ scores? Vondra and Victoria are a mother and daughter who have lived together for all of Victoria's 15 years. Jerry and Jerica are fraternal twins who were raised in the same home. Annabeth and Andre are half-siblings who have the same father but different mothers. They've lived together since they were 3 and 5 years old, respectively. Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families.
Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families.
Meditation
Meditation is the act of focusing on a dingle target.
What three things does the Hindbrain have (aka Brain Stem)
Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum
Hindbrain contains what three
Medulla, Pons, Cerebullum
Stimulants include
Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine addiction and why its not like caffine
Methamphetamine is particularly addictive and widespread, trying it once is enough to trigger addiction, Meth targets dopamine directly thats why people looked messed up,
Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.
Milestones
what is Serotonin involved in?
Modd,sleep
what in the potential effect on behavior in Serotonin?
Modulated mood, suppressed appetite
what is Dopamine involved in
Mood, sleep, learning, motor control
what three things does frontal lobe do?
Motor cortex, Prefrontal cortex and Broca's Area
What is acetylcholine involved in
Muscle Action, Memory
The notion that the manner in which one's brain develops can have a significant impact on a persons cognitive functioning is central to the ________ perspective in developmental psychology. neuroconstructivist biopsychosocial naturist epigenetic
Neuroconstructivist
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory? People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits. People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs.
People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.
What is the main point of the quizmaster study? People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly.
People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.
Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this? permissive authoritarian authoritative Freudian
Permissive
________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness. Physical Learning Cognitive Psychosocial
Physical
Growth Hormone Helps
Physical development, metabolism
Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlbergâ s theory of morality. pre-conventional post-conventional conventional concrete operational
Post-conventional
A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________. discrimination prejudice conformity a stereotype
Prejudice
Hallucinogens
Produce alter sensory and perception experiences (LSD, Mushrooms, THC)
Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep. NREM REM non-REM night terrors
REM
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Radiation injected in blood SHOWS FUNCTION
Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence? Raymond Cattell Howard Gardner Charles Spearman Robert Sternberg
Raymon Sternberg
The Autonomic Nervous System
Regulates involuntary bodily processes, Homeostasis
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) helps
Reproduction
luteinizing hormone (LH) helps
Reproduction
According to psychologist ________ classical conditioning is effective because of the ability of a person or animal to predict the relationship between the UCS and the CS. Thorndike Rescorla Garcia Koelling
Rescorla
Midbrain contains what three
Reticular Formation, Substantia Nigra, Ventral tegmental area
Mid brains contains..?
Reticular formation
Katya studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary she canâ t; instead she can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference. retroactive anterograde proactive retrograde
Retroactive
Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his motherâ s birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify? reversibility conservation abstract thought egocentrism
Reversibility
Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer? Sigmund Freud Carl Jung John Hobson Rosalind Cartwright
Rosalind Cartwright
Which of the following illustrates conservation? Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries because she doesnâ t think they can be recycled. Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices. Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower but doesnâ t realize that he is wasting water that way. Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels but he doesnâ t know the value of either coin by itself.
Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.
Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friendâ s father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation. heuristic social role social norm script
Script
Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this? disorganized resistant secure avoidant
Secure
Depressant includes
Sedative Hypnotics and Narcotics/Opiates
Thalamus
Sensory relay station, NOT SMELL
Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior? reinforcement acquisition shaping learning
Shaping
Who saw dreams as a way to gain access to the unconscious
Sigmund Freud
According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training? Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon Simon goes to sleep Simon retreats to a corner and mopes Simon bites his mother
Simon bites his mother
Parasomnias
Sleep disruptions that involve movement
Parasominas include
Sleep walking, night terrors, REM Sleep behavior disorder (Dog), Restless leg syndrome
What does the Pariental lobe do?
Somatosensory Cortex
Allele
Specific version of a gene
Sleep apnea
Stop breathing temporarily when sleep
SIDS
Sudden infant death
Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period. naturalistic observations experiments surveys case studies
Surveys
autonomic nervous system contains what two things?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Wernicke's Area
Temporal Lobe, Understanding speech
Sleep-wake cycle are controlled by what three?
Thalamus, Hypothalamus (slow-wave sleep), Pons (Rem Sleep)
limbic system contains what four?
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Hippocampus
Which theory of dreams suggested that they do not, in fact, have any meaning at all but rather are simply the brainâ s attempt to make sense of random neural firing that occurs while we sleep? The wish fulfillment approach The neo-dissociationist view The activation-information-mode model The activation-synthesis model
The activation-synthesis model
Biopsychology
The study of the biological mechanisms that underlie how er think, feel, and behave
reticular formation
The three A's, Aletness, Arousal, Attention.
stage 2 sleep
Theta waves, and multiple sleep spindles and k-complexes
Within the semantic network model of memory, what would happen to concepts that are related to (or attached) to one that is currently being activated by thinking about it? They'd be activated more strongly than the concept first activated. They would also be activated, though at a lower level. They would undergo a structural change. They would be inhibited from being activation.
They would also be activated, though at a lower level.
Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion? supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use
anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year
Antagonist
anything that decreases Neurotransmitter signal
Agonist
anything that increases neurotransmitter signal
sedative-hypnotics and what its prescribed for
are drugs that suppresses the CNS, prescribed for anxiety and insomnia,
Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory. flashbulb equipotentiality emotion arousal
arousal
Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning. reflexive instinctive processual associative
associative
Early maturing girls are ________. more likely to go to college less likely to drop out of high school at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders more confident
at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders
what does the temporal lobe do?
auditory cortex and Wernicke's area
Victoria has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will â change her waysâ and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving. anger denial bargaining depression
bargaining
Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying? because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves on social media sites because girls' parents tend spend less time monitoring their daughters' online activities because girls are found to spend more time online because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying
because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying
________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.
beta-endorphin
Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm. suprachiasmatic biological heterostatic lucid
biological
central nervous system
body master control
Central Nervous System contains
brain and spinal cord
Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
breathing
parasympathetic nervous system
brings us down from fight or flight
K-complexes
burst of high amp
Hallucinogens addiction
cant get addicted it doesnt target dopamine
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
central; peripheral nervous systems
Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories? hippocampus cerebellum primary cortex amygdala
cerebellum
Neurotransmitters
chemical messengers released into the synapse
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________. genes; DNA chromosomes; genes DNA; genes chromosomes; DNA
chromosomes; DNA
Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________. chronologies chromatins chromotropes chronotypes
chronotypes
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?
collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse? break down into inactive fragments drifting away from the synapse reuptake collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
Stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo several months of chemotherapy. During this time he would become very nauseated as a side effect, and unintentionally came to associate that nausea with his favorite grilled cheese sandwich. Now, years later, even thinking about a grilled cheese sandwich makes him sick. In this example, Stanleyâ s nauseous reaction to a grilled cheese sandwich is the ________. unconditioned stimulus conditioned stimulus unconditioned response conditioned response
conditioned response
Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias. anchoring hindsight representational confirmation
confirmation
Pons
connects the brain and spinal cord, is involved in regulating brain activity
Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________. unconsciousness REM sleep consciousness conscience
consciousness
The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________. construction; reconstruction information; misinformation equipotentiality; amnesia coding; recoding
construction; reconstruction
Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love. romantic fatuous consummate companionate
consummate
Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence. creative analytic crystallized fluid
creative
Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________. twilight; gloom light; darkness darkness; light pulsing light; steady light
darkness; light
The goal of hospice care is to provide liaisons to experimental treatments that might not be readily available for some patients. legal options for family members making medical decisions on the part of another. medical options for the treatment of terminal illnesses so that death can be avoided. death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.
death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.
Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity. depressant stimulant antipsychotic hallucinogen
depressant
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
depression
Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. diffusion of responsibility cognitive dissonance aggression prosocial behavior
diffusion of responsibility
Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response?
digestion functions become more active
Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response? adrenaline surges into the bloodstream heart rate and blood pressure increases pupils dilate digestion functions become more active
digestion functions become more active
Amarah has an exam in a week, so she schedules 30 to 60 minutes each night to review her course material. She does this rather than waiting until the night before the exam so that she can avoid a "cram session." Amarah's approach to studying is called ________ practice. distributed proactive massed chunked
distributed
Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________. extinction acquisition conditioning learning
extinction
Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this? fixed interval variable ratio variable interval fixed ratio
fixed interval
The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence. intrapersonal crystallized applied fluid
fluid
Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain. fissures; folds folds; grooves cortex; forebrain grooves; folds
folds; grooves
Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? door-in-the-face strategy foot-in-the-door technique lowball technique effort justification strategy
foot-in-the-door technique
One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, â Look mommy, truck!â This exemplifies ________. sensorimotor preoperational formal operational concrete operational
formal operational
Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for? hindsight bias functional fixedness anchoring bias representative bias
functional fixedness
Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use? positron emission tomography (PET) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) computerized tomography (CT) scan functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? environment and culture cognitive capacity genes and biology language acquisition
genes and biology
Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendys ________ must be ________ and her fathers must be Bb. genotype; Bb genotype; bb phenotype; Bb phenotype; bb
genotype; bb
Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion? getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year
getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether
The myelin sheath is made from ________.
glial cells
The myelin sheath is made from ________. terminal buttons somas axons glial cells
glial cells
Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?
groan and move her eyes
Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills. gross native fine reflexive
gross
A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias. hindsight transient egocentric stereotypical
hindsight
Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________. availability heuristic representational bias hindsight bias anchoring bias
hindsight bias
Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house? cerebellum amygdala hippocampus prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
After a hurricane warning came across the television, young Eli became terrified of the alarm sound that signaled a severe weather warning. Over the next few months he heard it several times when the "required monthly tests" came on the television, and his fear faded away. One day the alarm sounded and Eli jumped up and ran out of the room. This return of a previously extinguished response is called ________. operant conditioning latent learning second-level conditioning spontaneous recovery
spontaneous recovery
The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ________. validation standardization norming cohorting
standardization
Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states? memorize five states at a time - group the information into a more manageable size sing the names of the 50 states to the tune of "Happy Birthday" stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study think of something you might do in each state if you were on a vacation in that state
stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study
Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. hallucinogen depressant antipsychotic stimulant
stimulant
You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________. operant conditioning stimulus discrimination higher-order conditioning stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
You are a big fan of your grandmotherâ s chocolate chip cookies. Just the smell of them causes you to feel hungry. One night she is making chocolate chip oatmeal almond cookies, a variation of her usual recipe. You smell the baking cookies and even though it is different than her usual cookie scent, you still suddenly feel hungry for a treat. This demonstrates the classical conditioning principle of ________. stimulus discrimination extinction stimulus generalization spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom? adults are forced to work together to solve a puzzle but does not know that there are pieces missing students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets people work together toward a superordinate goal that cannot be achieved without cooperation participants are required to express at least one of their own held biases or prejudices
students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets
Jeremy has Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.
substantia nigra; dopamine
Jeremy has Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to. substantia nigra; acetylcholine motor cortex; acetylcholine substantia nigra; dopamine motor cortex; dopamine
substantia nigra; dopamine
Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________. falls asleep in the middle of the day suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt suffers from chronic sleep deprivation sleeps more than 12 hours in a 24-hour period
suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt
Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells â the man with the blue shirt did it.â Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories. decay transience suggestibility recognition
suggestibility
Manifest Content
surface meaning of a dream
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration. somatic autonomic parasympathetic sympathetic
sympathetic
The space between two neurons is called the ________. vesicle terminal button soma synapse
synapse
The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________. cognition and emotion temperature, touch, and pain language, such as speech motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face
temperature, touch, and pain
The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system. dendrites; synaptic vesicles terminal buttons; transport proteins axons; terminal buttons terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles
terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles
What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship? your similarity to others you meet your financial wellbeing your physical attractiveness the amount of contact you have with people
the amount of contact you have with people