chapter 6-8 part 2, chapter 9 and 12 psych, Psych exam, Chapter 6, Psych 3 and 4 quiz, Psych chp 4, Quiz chp 3 Psych, Psych Chapter 3

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________. representativeness bias self-fulfilling prophecy confirmation bias availability heuristic

Confirmation bias

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America? authoritarian disorganized permissive authoritative

Authoritative

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this? primary continuous partial secondary

Continuous

Cerebellum

Controls our balance, coordination, movement and motor skills

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) contain what two systems?

Autonomic NS and Somatic NS

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. Beliefs Values Emotions Concepts

Concepts

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgramâ s instructions. confederate ally associate union

Confederate

Order of action potential

1.) Resting potential, 2.) Threshold of excitation, 3.) Peak action potential, 4.) Reploarization, 5.) hyperpolarization

What stage of sleep are you most likely experiencing if an EEG of your brain activity showed sleep spindles and K-complexes? 1 2 REM 3

2

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________. sympathy empathy instrumental support infatuation

empathy

Hypothalamus

endocrine and autonomic NS master command

genetic environmental correlation

environment at home, like bronny jr being a good basketball play always being around basketball

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

evolution by natural selection

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off. genetic mutation evolution by natural selection survivalism behavioral genetics

evolution by natural selection

The ________ theory explains that the immediate associations involved in a conditioned taste aversion are a result of adaptation that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful. behavioral evolutionary the cognitive social learning

evolutionary

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness? dependent evolutionary Freudian cognitive behavioral

evolutionary

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.

evolutionary psychologists

changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________. evolutionary psychologists behavioral psychologists historical psychologists behavioral geneticists

evolutionary psychologists

Narcotics/Opiates

external drugs that target the bodys natural pain killing system, Pain relief and euphoric (Heroin, MOrphine,)

Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system? homeostasis insomnia melatonin rhythm

homeostasis

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

homeostasis

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels. resting potential reuptake homeostasis synergy

homeostasis

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?" gender dysphoria asexuality transphobia homophobia

homophobia

Adaptive function

hypothesis that sleep is essential to restore resources that are expended during the day, and sleep is an adaptive response to predatory risk

Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory. explicit sensory implicit semantic

implicit

what is dopamine potential effect on behavior

increased pleasure, suppressed appetite

logitudinal fissure

indentation that separates the brain into right and left hemispheres.

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience. theoretical practical indirect direct

indirect

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of the multiple intelligences model does this exemplify? linguistic intrapersonal interpersonal naturalist

interpersonal

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence. interpersonal; intrapersonal musical; linguistic intrapersonal; naturalist logical-mathematical; interpersonal

interpersonal; intrapersonal

right brain functions

intuition, creativity, art and music

Hypnosis

is an extreme focus on the self and highly open to suggestions.

Biological rythm

is an internal cycle of biological activity like menstrual, level of alertness. its homestasis

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. come-uppance just-world equal status equipoentiality

just-world

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? crying while asleep talking while asleep snoring while asleep kicking and punching while asleep

kicking and punching while asleep

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule? feeding your fish every day at 8 a.m. checking your e-mail at random times throughout the day instead of every time you hear the new e-mail notification playing the slot machine knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning. partial primary latent conditioned

latent

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content. biological circadian manifest latent

latent

One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

lateralization

One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function. lateralization Wernicke's area synaptogenesis brain organization

lateralization

In Pavlov's classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ________. learned instinctive reactive reflexive

learned

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience? conditioning reflexes learning instincts

learning

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language? grammar phoneme lexicon morpheme

lexicon

range of reaction

limits are set from genes like IQ

Left brain functions

logic, language, science and math

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory. logical-mathematical spatial bodily kinesthetic interpersonal

logical-mathematical

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ________. lexicon ability to communicate ability to speak mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness. narcolepsy meditation cognizance insomnia

meditation

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron.

membrane potential

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron. intracellular fluid membrane potential extracellular fluid resting potential

membrane potential

Hyperpolarization means that the ________.

membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

Hyperpolarization means that the ________. sodium gates open membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential membrane potential becomes more positive than the resting potential potassium gates open

membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

what is Glutamate involved in?

memory, learning

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________. mental set functional fixedness hindsight bias confirmation bias

mental set

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________. Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm misinformation effect paradigm levels of processing theory equipotentiality hypothesis

misinformation effect paradigm

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________. cognition response stimulus model

model

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning. syllable morpheme phoneme letter

morpheme

Epigenetics

multiple phenotypes from the same genotype.

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________. insomnia restless leg syndrome narcolepsy night terrors

narcolepsy

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept. prototypical artificial natural modular

natural

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________. negative punishment positive reinforcement positive punishment negative reinforcement

negative reinforcement

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________. neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus neutral response and a conditioned response neutral stimulus and a neutral response conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation in his legs and feet

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage? pretend play egocentrism language development object permanence

object permanence

Receptors

on post-synaptic cell bind with neurotransmitters

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.

only the right visual field

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________. only the right visual field only the left visual field neither visual field both visual fields

only the right visual field

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this? operant conditioning classical conditioning modeling imitation

operant conditioning

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________. parasomnias somnambulism protoconsciousness lucid dreaming

parasomnias

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract. sympathetic somatic autonomic parasympathetic

parasympathetic

In ________ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed. primary continuous secondary partial

partial

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself. haloed peripheral compliance central

peripheral

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting set of instructions to be carried out without deviation written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities prescription for psychotropic medicine

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

A(n) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language. phoneme morpheme syllable syntactic unit

phoneme

Melatonin is released from

pineal gland

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a â tracerâ and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

positron emission tomography (PET)

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a â tracerâ and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study? magnet resonance imaging (MRI) positron emission tomography (PET) electroencephalograph (EEG) computerized tomography (CT) scan

positron emission tomography (PET)

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and heâ d get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify? formal operational pre-conventional conventional post-conventional

pre-conventional

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so frequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify? psychological dependence polysubstance abuse disorder synergistic effects physical dependence

psychological dependence

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall. behavioral genetics environmental psychology evolutionary psychology range of reaction

range of reaction

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________. altruism infatuation reciprocity groupthink

reciprocity

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________. declarative memory relearning rehearsal hyperthymesia

rehearsal

You see a television commercial for a product you may want to buy, and there is a telephone number you must call to place an order. Because you don't have anything with which to write down the number, you repeat it to yourself over and over again until you feel like you wont forget it. This process is called ________. distributed practice chunking rehearsal the method of loci

rehearsal

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system. recall recognition relearning an engram

relearning

Which of the following is a good example of the use of a mnemonic? thinking about a bike you plan to buy and having the image of the bike appear in your mind dreaming about an airport and deciding to take a trip being able to hum the tune to a song even when you cant remember the lyrics remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES

remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________. storage hyperthymesia retrieval encoding

retrieval

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia. anterograde retrograde flashbulb graduated

retrograde

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________. demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence revealed a genetic component to intelligence suggested that intelligence is affected by early adoption

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning? blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long it takes him to estimate the size of a room pairing a puff of air to the eye with seeing the color red in order to find out how many repetitions it will take for someone to blink when he sees the color red rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily determining how long it takes someone to learn how to fish if he is only allowed to watch other people fishing

rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily

Gyri

ridges of the brain

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way. script artificial role event

role

Homozygous

same alleles

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. confirmation bias effort justification in-group bias scapegoating

scapegoating

Genes

secitons of DNA that code for specific traits

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? seeking outside opinions on group decisions avoiding the development of any contingency plans having the group leader make their position known before discussion begins voting publicly in front of group members

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? syntax semantics language interpretation

semantics

Sulci

shallow grooves in between Gyri

Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?

smell

Crack is regarded as more addictive than cocaine because it is ________. cheaper, so people can afford more of it easier to get, so people can take more at once frequently smoked in combination with pharmaceuticals smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment? students cannot be trusted in roles of authority students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

what is Narcolepsy and what does it include

spontaneous falling asleep, usually when aroused (cataplexy)

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. the actor-observer effect groupthink the self-serving bias the fundamental attribution error

the fundamental attribution error

collective unconscious

the hypothesized part of the unconscious that all people of all cultures share information thru dreams

Biological Perspective

the psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior

peripheral nervous system

the sensory and motor neurons, bodys link to the outside world

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infantâ s needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Eriksonâ s developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage? industry vs. inferiority identity vs. confusion autonomy vs. shame/doubt trust vs. mistrust

trust vs. mistrust

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________. organizing information into manageable bits or chunks thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory immediately applying new information to a practical problem sleeping immediately after learning new information to allow your mind to process it

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

Stage 1 sleep

transition to sleep, alpha waves

Amygdala

Emotion regulation, FEAR

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? sexual preference biology environment and culture genetics

Environment and Culture

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills. native fine gross manipulative

FIne

sympathetic nervous system

Fight or flight

The Brain is broken down into 3 parts?

Forebrain, Hindbrain, and Midbrain

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes? sensorimotor concrete operational preoperational formal operational

Formal Operational

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Frontal

Broca's area

Frontal lobe, Production of speech (stutter)

DNA

Genetic master code

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendys ________ must be ________ and her fathers must be Bb.

Genotype;bb

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________. usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors report no memory of the events that occurred during the period they were hypnotized usually do not have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are not in control of their own behaviors can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist

usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? when they feel sure of their own decisions when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions when they really want to be liked by a group of peers when the correct choice is unclear

when the correct choice is unclear

Computerized Tomography (CT)

xray pass differing density to generate photo. Shows Structure

Which statement about groupthink is correct? Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present.

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. Social facilitation Social loafing Group polarization Cognitive dissonance

Group polarization

What was the overall result of Lashley's research that sought out the engram of human memory? He located the engram across the structures of the limbic system. He observed that the engram exists in childhood but disappears when it is no longer needed. He found no evidence that an engram actual exists. He identified an engram in the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex.

He found no evidence that an engram actual exists.

Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?

He had severe seizures.

Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons? He was born with an extra area of the cortex. He had severe seizures. He had encephalitis as a child. He suffered serious symptoms as a result of having polio.

He had severe seizures.

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? object permanence egocentrism reversibility stranger anxiety

Object permanence

Sleep Apnea includes

Obstructive (airway becomes blocked), Central (CNS isnt triggering breath)

what is beta-endorphin involved in

Pain,pleasure

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule? variable interval fixed interval fixed ratio variable ratio

Varible Ratio

What does the occipital lobe do?

Vision cortex, Visual association area.

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by oneâ s culture as well as their interactions with their own environment? Piaget Kohlberg Ainsworth Vygotsky

Vygotsky

Which option is NOT one of the Wechsler tests of intelligence? Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM)

Genotype

What genes are present, combo of dominant and recessive alleles EX. Bb, BB, bb

Substantia Nigra

Where dopamine is produced and is involved in control of movement

Ventral tegmentral area

Where dopamine is produced for mood, reward, and addiction

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood? younger average age for marriage changing cultural expectations changes in the workforce taking longer to complete a college degree

Younger age for marriage

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge. zygote fetus placenta embryo

Zygote

Reuptake

a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron ,so recycled

What is a social role? a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS? smoking in the home hyperthermia premature birth above average birth weight

above average birth weight

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, â Look mommy, apples!â His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________. accommodation seriation reversibility assimilation

accommodation

Terrance finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding. acoustic sensory visual semantic

acoustic

Which two concepts can be thought of as opposite processes within the classical conditioning model? acquisition and extinction latent learning and insight learning continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement punishment and reinforcement

acquisition and extinction

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________. after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character after dreaming they were on television after dreaming about having a fight with their parents after seeing a television character being punished for taking violent action against another character

after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using? cerebellum prefrontal cortex amygdala hippocampus

amygdala

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged? another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus people would become comatose areas near the hippocampus would decay, followed by a cascading failure of the brain leading to death people would lose their ability to feel fear

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus

The famous case of H.M. demonstrated ________ amnesia, a condition in which a person can remember previously encoded memories but cannot encode new ones. proactive retrograde anterograde retroactive

anterograde

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love. romantic fatuous companionate consummate

companionate

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression? dopamine; norepinephrine dopamine; acetylcholine serotonin; glutamate serotonin; GABA

dopamine; norepinephrine

psychotropic medications

drugs that restore imbalance of NT signaling to treat disorders like depression.

Although her reading skills are just fine, Beatriz has difficulty with her writing. Her teachers have noticed that no matter how hard she tries and how much they work with her the handwriting on her papers is almost illegible. Further, although she has great thoughts and understands concepts at a high level, she is unable to put them into a cohesive written paper. Beatriz may suffer from ________. dysgraphia intellectual disability dyscalculia dyslexia

dysgraphia

Barney used to live in Pittsburgh, and his telephone number started with the area code 412. Now he has moved to Baltimore, and his new telephone number has an area code of 410. Barney remembers his new area code by connecting it to the old one and just a subtracting two. This is an example of ________ rehearsal. mnemonic elaborative maintenance massed

elaborative

circadian rhythm

24 hour biological rhythm, Cuased from hypothalumus becuase hypothalumus is homestasis.

Thea waves

2nd low freq, 2nd highest amp

Recent research conducted by Cowan (2010) has found that the capacity of working memory is how many units of information? 4 plus or minus 1 9 plus or minus 3 3 plus or minus 2 7 plus or minus 2

4 plus or minus 1

An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability. 70 130 100 40

70

What is an advanced directive? A statement of what a person wants done with their estate, including who their possessions should go to. A legal document that bars anyone from providing resuscitative care if oneâ s heart should stop or they stop breathing. An indication of what a person wants for their own funeral ceremonies (including requesting that no funeral be held). A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.

A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test? An employee of the Social Security administration. A professional trained in psychology. A social worker who operates in a high school or middle school. A board-certified psychiatrist.

A professional trained in psychology.

What was the most controversial conclusion made by Arthur Jensen with regard to Level 1 and Level II intelligence? Those without Level II intelligence should be sterilized so that they could not reproduce. African Americans, as a group, had the lowest amount of Level II intelligence. Level I intelligence at higher levels should exempt citizens from military service. Level I intelligence could only be mastered by those who were socioeconomically advantaged.

African Americans, as a group, had the lowest amount of Level II intelligence.

When does REM come in to the stages

After Stage 3 and then after that it goes in a cycle again

Which individual was asked by the French government to create an assessment tool - an intelligence test, of sorts - that would be used to identify schoolchildren who would be more likely to have difficulty in school? Louis Terman Marcelle Curie Alfred Binet Sir Francis Galton

Alfred Binet

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________. An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic. A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing. An individualâ s airway becomes blocked during sleep. Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.

An individualâ s airway becomes blocked during sleep.

Stimulants

Any drug that increases overall levels of neural activity (cocaine, caffeine, nicotine)

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics. Prototypical Natural Artificial Ideal

Artificial

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. Cacioppo Asch Milgram Zimbardo

Asch

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement? Lana wants to receive a candy bar and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she earns enough good behavior tokens. Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it. Park wants to avoid detention, so he follows the school rules and does not smoke on the playground. Ryan observes Cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast.

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

What is the main idea of operant conditioning? One can learn new behaviors by observing others. Fear is a conditioned response. Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments. Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.

What occurs during stage 1 sleep? Both our respiration and heartbeat quicken. Our respiration slows down while our heartbeat quickens. Our respiration quickens while our heartbeat slows down. Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

what is Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) involved in.

Brain function, Sleep

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Brain waves measured thru skull SHOWS FUNCTION

Sleep spindle

Burst of high freq

Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning. Rosalie Rayner Little Albert Edward C. Tolman Ivan Pavlov

C

Who believed that dreams allowed us to tap into the collective unconscious

Carl Jung

The Somatic Nervous System

Carries sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS and also relay motor commands to msucles

Nervous system is broken into what two systems?

Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System

functinoal magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Changes in metabolic activity in time SHOWS FUNCTION

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

Chromosomes;Dna

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. Cognition Personality Priming Conceptualization

Cognition

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. Psychosocial Artistic Emotional Cognitive

Cognitive

Which of the following is an example of a reflex? A.) deciding that you want to be a parent B.) jumping for joy when your favorite team wins a championship C.) addressing your elders as "sir" or "ma'am" because that is how you were raised D.) the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

D.) the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

Melatonin is stimulated by ____________________________ and inhibited by _____________________________.

Darkness;daylight

What is beta-endorphin potential effect on behavior.

Decreased Anxiety

What is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) potential on behavior

Decreased anxiety, Deceased tension

Stage 3 sleep

Deep sleep, Delta waves, dream but dont remember

Latent content

Deeper meaning

Heterozygous

Diff alleles

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, weâ d say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory. unidirectional discontinuous bidirectional continuous

Discontinuous

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this? secure disorganized avoidant resistant

Disorganized

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments. Situationism Collectivism Moralism Dispositionism

Dispositionism

Which statement about B. F. Skinner is correct? His experiments demonstrated that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement. He placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze. He worked with Edward C. Tolman to prove that fear is both an instinct and a reflex. He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

what is Norepinephrine involved in?

Heart, Intestines, alertness

sedative-hypnotics, addiction and withdrawls

High potential for abuse includes ( alchol, Xanx, Roofies.) Withdrawls can be life threatning

Narcotics/ Opiates addictions and withdrawls

Highly addictive, high potential for abuse and high potential for overdose.. Withdrawal is unpleasant but not life threatening

Medula

Homeostasis

Mealatonin helps

Homeostasis, immune function

Phenotype

How genes are expressed, dictated by dominate alleles EX. Brown eyes

Cognitive function

Hypothesis that focuses on sleeps importance for cognitive function and memory formation.

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development. generativity vs. stagnation isolation vs. intimacy identity vs. confusion trust vs. mistrust

Identity vs. confusion

What is acetylcholine potential effect on behavior

Increased arousal, enhanced cognition

what is the potential effect on behavior Norepinephrine have?

Increased arousal, suppressed appetite

what is the potential behavior on effect of Glutamate?

Increased learning, enhanced memory

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again.

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Polygenic traits

Influenced by more than one gene EX.skin color, Body weight

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gageâ s accident, which led to brain injury? Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors. Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors. Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior. Temporal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses.

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage? generativity vs. stagnation identity vs. guilt integrity vs. despair initiative vs. guilt

Integrity vs. despair

Depressant

Is any drug that suppresses the CNS, lowered response rate, decreased alertness

From a cognitive psychology perspective, why is getting plenty of sleep the night before an exam important? It makes sure that your neurons are firing at peak speed and efficiency. A good night of sleep inhibits the experience of retroactive interference. It decreases the likelihood of experiencing transience of memories. It allows for consolidation of studied material in long-term memory.

It allows for consolidation of studied material in long-term memory.

Which option is the most valid criticism of Watson and Rayner's work with "little Albert"? The provided no compensation to Albert's mother for his participation in the study. It did not use multiple pairings of an UCS with a NS. They did not have the permission of Albert's mother to conduct the research. It would be unethical by today's research standards.

It would be unethical by today's research standards.

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. groupthink informational confirmatory normative

Normative

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment? Belinda saw Mavis receive a hug for cleaning his room. She is careful to clean her room because she saw Mavis get a reward for doing it. Job wants to avoid being fired, so he follows the shop rules and does not smoke in the bathroom. Laurie wants to receive a smiley sticker and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she behaves herself. Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them.

Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them.

Hippocampus

Learning and memory, spatial and personal memories

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias? Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams. Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are. Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more. Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam.

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Forebrain contains what three things?

Limbic system, Thalamus, Cerebral Cortex.

Cataplexy

Loss of muscle tone like in REM

Alpha waves

Low freq, high amplitude

Delta waves

Lowest freq, highest high amp

Magentic resonance imaging (MRI)

Magnetic fields used to produce pic. SHOWS STRUCTURE

Which pair of individuals is most likely to have the highest similarity in their IQ scores? Vondra and Victoria are a mother and daughter who have lived together for all of Victoria's 15 years. Jerry and Jerica are fraternal twins who were raised in the same home. Annabeth and Andre are half-siblings who have the same father but different mothers. They've lived together since they were 3 and 5 years old, respectively. Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families.

Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families.

Meditation

Meditation is the act of focusing on a dingle target.

What three things does the Hindbrain have (aka Brain Stem)

Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum

Hindbrain contains what three

Medulla, Pons, Cerebullum

Stimulants include

Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine addiction and why its not like caffine

Methamphetamine is particularly addictive and widespread, trying it once is enough to trigger addiction, Meth targets dopamine directly thats why people looked messed up,

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.

Milestones

what is Serotonin involved in?

Modd,sleep

what in the potential effect on behavior in Serotonin?

Modulated mood, suppressed appetite

what is Dopamine involved in

Mood, sleep, learning, motor control

what three things does frontal lobe do?

Motor cortex, Prefrontal cortex and Broca's Area

What is acetylcholine involved in

Muscle Action, Memory

The notion that the manner in which one's brain develops can have a significant impact on a persons cognitive functioning is central to the ________ perspective in developmental psychology. neuroconstructivist biopsychosocial naturist epigenetic

Neuroconstructivist

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory? People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits. People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs.

People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly.

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this? permissive authoritarian authoritative Freudian

Permissive

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness. Physical Learning Cognitive Psychosocial

Physical

Growth Hormone Helps

Physical development, metabolism

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlbergâ s theory of morality. pre-conventional post-conventional conventional concrete operational

Post-conventional

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________. discrimination prejudice conformity a stereotype

Prejudice

Hallucinogens

Produce alter sensory and perception experiences (LSD, Mushrooms, THC)

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep. NREM REM non-REM night terrors

REM

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Radiation injected in blood SHOWS FUNCTION

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence? Raymond Cattell Howard Gardner Charles Spearman Robert Sternberg

Raymon Sternberg

The Autonomic Nervous System

Regulates involuntary bodily processes, Homeostasis

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) helps

Reproduction

luteinizing hormone (LH) helps

Reproduction

According to psychologist ________ classical conditioning is effective because of the ability of a person or animal to predict the relationship between the UCS and the CS. Thorndike Rescorla Garcia Koelling

Rescorla

Midbrain contains what three

Reticular Formation, Substantia Nigra, Ventral tegmental area

Mid brains contains..?

Reticular formation

Katya studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary she canâ t; instead she can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference. retroactive anterograde proactive retrograde

Retroactive

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his motherâ s birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify? reversibility conservation abstract thought egocentrism

Reversibility

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer? Sigmund Freud Carl Jung John Hobson Rosalind Cartwright

Rosalind Cartwright

Which of the following illustrates conservation? Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries because she doesnâ t think they can be recycled. Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices. Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower but doesnâ t realize that he is wasting water that way. Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels but he doesnâ t know the value of either coin by itself.

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friendâ s father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation. heuristic social role social norm script

Script

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this? disorganized resistant secure avoidant

Secure

Depressant includes

Sedative Hypnotics and Narcotics/Opiates

Thalamus

Sensory relay station, NOT SMELL

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior? reinforcement acquisition shaping learning

Shaping

Who saw dreams as a way to gain access to the unconscious

Sigmund Freud

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training? Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon Simon goes to sleep Simon retreats to a corner and mopes Simon bites his mother

Simon bites his mother

Parasomnias

Sleep disruptions that involve movement

Parasominas include

Sleep walking, night terrors, REM Sleep behavior disorder (Dog), Restless leg syndrome

What does the Pariental lobe do?

Somatosensory Cortex

Allele

Specific version of a gene

Sleep apnea

Stop breathing temporarily when sleep

SIDS

Sudden infant death

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period. naturalistic observations experiments surveys case studies

Surveys

autonomic nervous system contains what two things?

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Wernicke's Area

Temporal Lobe, Understanding speech

Sleep-wake cycle are controlled by what three?

Thalamus, Hypothalamus (slow-wave sleep), Pons (Rem Sleep)

limbic system contains what four?

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Hippocampus

Which theory of dreams suggested that they do not, in fact, have any meaning at all but rather are simply the brainâ s attempt to make sense of random neural firing that occurs while we sleep? The wish fulfillment approach The neo-dissociationist view The activation-information-mode model The activation-synthesis model

The activation-synthesis model

Biopsychology

The study of the biological mechanisms that underlie how er think, feel, and behave

reticular formation

The three A's, Aletness, Arousal, Attention.

stage 2 sleep

Theta waves, and multiple sleep spindles and k-complexes

Within the semantic network model of memory, what would happen to concepts that are related to (or attached) to one that is currently being activated by thinking about it? They'd be activated more strongly than the concept first activated. They would also be activated, though at a lower level. They would undergo a structural change. They would be inhibited from being activation.

They would also be activated, though at a lower level.

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion? supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Antagonist

anything that decreases Neurotransmitter signal

Agonist

anything that increases neurotransmitter signal

sedative-hypnotics and what its prescribed for

are drugs that suppresses the CNS, prescribed for anxiety and insomnia,

Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory. flashbulb equipotentiality emotion arousal

arousal

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning. reflexive instinctive processual associative

associative

Early maturing girls are ________. more likely to go to college less likely to drop out of high school at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders more confident

at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

what does the temporal lobe do?

auditory cortex and Wernicke's area

Victoria has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will â change her waysâ and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving. anger denial bargaining depression

bargaining

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying? because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves on social media sites because girls' parents tend spend less time monitoring their daughters' online activities because girls are found to spend more time online because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

beta-endorphin

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm. suprachiasmatic biological heterostatic lucid

biological

central nervous system

body master control

Central Nervous System contains

brain and spinal cord

Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

parasympathetic nervous system

brings us down from fight or flight

K-complexes

burst of high amp

Hallucinogens addiction

cant get addicted it doesnt target dopamine

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories? hippocampus cerebellum primary cortex amygdala

cerebellum

Neurotransmitters

chemical messengers released into the synapse

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________. genes; DNA chromosomes; genes DNA; genes chromosomes; DNA

chromosomes; DNA

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________. chronologies chromatins chromotropes chronotypes

chronotypes

Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?

collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse? break down into inactive fragments drifting away from the synapse reuptake collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

Stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo several months of chemotherapy. During this time he would become very nauseated as a side effect, and unintentionally came to associate that nausea with his favorite grilled cheese sandwich. Now, years later, even thinking about a grilled cheese sandwich makes him sick. In this example, Stanleyâ s nauseous reaction to a grilled cheese sandwich is the ________. unconditioned stimulus conditioned stimulus unconditioned response conditioned response

conditioned response

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias. anchoring hindsight representational confirmation

confirmation

Pons

connects the brain and spinal cord, is involved in regulating brain activity

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________. unconsciousness REM sleep consciousness conscience

consciousness

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________. construction; reconstruction information; misinformation equipotentiality; amnesia coding; recoding

construction; reconstruction

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love. romantic fatuous consummate companionate

consummate

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence. creative analytic crystallized fluid

creative

Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________. twilight; gloom light; darkness darkness; light pulsing light; steady light

darkness; light

The goal of hospice care is to provide liaisons to experimental treatments that might not be readily available for some patients. legal options for family members making medical decisions on the part of another. medical options for the treatment of terminal illnesses so that death can be avoided. death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.

death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity. depressant stimulant antipsychotic hallucinogen

depressant

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. diffusion of responsibility cognitive dissonance aggression prosocial behavior

diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response?

digestion functions become more active

Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response? adrenaline surges into the bloodstream heart rate and blood pressure increases pupils dilate digestion functions become more active

digestion functions become more active

Amarah has an exam in a week, so she schedules 30 to 60 minutes each night to review her course material. She does this rather than waiting until the night before the exam so that she can avoid a "cram session." Amarah's approach to studying is called ________ practice. distributed proactive massed chunked

distributed

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________. extinction acquisition conditioning learning

extinction

Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this? fixed interval variable ratio variable interval fixed ratio

fixed interval

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence. intrapersonal crystallized applied fluid

fluid

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain. fissures; folds folds; grooves cortex; forebrain grooves; folds

folds; grooves

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? door-in-the-face strategy foot-in-the-door technique lowball technique effort justification strategy

foot-in-the-door technique

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, â Look mommy, truck!â This exemplifies ________. sensorimotor preoperational formal operational concrete operational

formal operational

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for? hindsight bias functional fixedness anchoring bias representative bias

functional fixedness

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use? positron emission tomography (PET) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) computerized tomography (CT) scan functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? environment and culture cognitive capacity genes and biology language acquisition

genes and biology

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendys ________ must be ________ and her fathers must be Bb. genotype; Bb genotype; bb phenotype; Bb phenotype; bb

genotype; bb

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion? getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

The myelin sheath is made from ________.

glial cells

The myelin sheath is made from ________. terminal buttons somas axons glial cells

glial cells

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?

groan and move her eyes

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills. gross native fine reflexive

gross

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias. hindsight transient egocentric stereotypical

hindsight

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________. availability heuristic representational bias hindsight bias anchoring bias

hindsight bias

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house? cerebellum amygdala hippocampus prefrontal cortex

hippocampus

After a hurricane warning came across the television, young Eli became terrified of the alarm sound that signaled a severe weather warning. Over the next few months he heard it several times when the "required monthly tests" came on the television, and his fear faded away. One day the alarm sounded and Eli jumped up and ran out of the room. This return of a previously extinguished response is called ________. operant conditioning latent learning second-level conditioning spontaneous recovery

spontaneous recovery

The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ________. validation standardization norming cohorting

standardization

Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states? memorize five states at a time - group the information into a more manageable size sing the names of the 50 states to the tune of "Happy Birthday" stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study think of something you might do in each state if you were on a vacation in that state

stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. hallucinogen depressant antipsychotic stimulant

stimulant

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________. operant conditioning stimulus discrimination higher-order conditioning stimulus generalization

stimulus discrimination

You are a big fan of your grandmotherâ s chocolate chip cookies. Just the smell of them causes you to feel hungry. One night she is making chocolate chip oatmeal almond cookies, a variation of her usual recipe. You smell the baking cookies and even though it is different than her usual cookie scent, you still suddenly feel hungry for a treat. This demonstrates the classical conditioning principle of ________. stimulus discrimination extinction stimulus generalization spontaneous recovery

stimulus generalization

What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom? adults are forced to work together to solve a puzzle but does not know that there are pieces missing students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets people work together toward a superordinate goal that cannot be achieved without cooperation participants are required to express at least one of their own held biases or prejudices

students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

Jeremy has Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.

substantia nigra; dopamine

Jeremy has Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to. substantia nigra; acetylcholine motor cortex; acetylcholine substantia nigra; dopamine motor cortex; dopamine

substantia nigra; dopamine

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________. falls asleep in the middle of the day suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt suffers from chronic sleep deprivation sleeps more than 12 hours in a 24-hour period

suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells â the man with the blue shirt did it.â Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories. decay transience suggestibility recognition

suggestibility

Manifest Content

surface meaning of a dream

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration. somatic autonomic parasympathetic sympathetic

sympathetic

The space between two neurons is called the ________. vesicle terminal button soma synapse

synapse

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________. cognition and emotion temperature, touch, and pain language, such as speech motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face

temperature, touch, and pain

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system. dendrites; synaptic vesicles terminal buttons; transport proteins axons; terminal buttons terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship? your similarity to others you meet your financial wellbeing your physical attractiveness the amount of contact you have with people

the amount of contact you have with people