Chapter 6

What are the extracellular fluid filled extensions of the lacunae called? interosteonic (perforating) canals osteonic (harversian) canals concetric lamellae canaliculi perforating (sharpey's) fibers

canaliculi

which bone cell in the diagram below is an osteoclast? a b c d

d

PTH will increase _______ activity while Calcitonin will decrease __________ activity. osteoblast; osteoclast osteoclast; osteoblast osteoblast; osteoblast osteoclast; osteoclast

osteoclast; osteoclast

This cell is active once the matrix of bone calcifies. The cells sits in a lacunae. osteoprogenitor cells osteoclasts osteocytes osteoblasts chondroblasts

osteocytes

which of the following tissues are part of bone? 1. epithelial tissue 2. muscular tissue 3. nervous tissue 4. connective tissue

1,3,4

The ___ is composed of hyaline cartilage and reduces friction between bones involved in a joint. periosteum distal epiphysis epiphyseal line articular cartilage epiphyseal plate

Articular cartilage

The shaft of a long bone is the diaphysis epiphysis metaphysis periosteum medullary cavity

Diaphysis

The ___ is composed of hyaline cartilage and allows the diaphysis to grow in length. periosteum distal epiphysis epiphyseal line articular cartilage epiphyseal plate

Epiphyseal plate

What region of a long bone articulates with other bones? diaphysis epiphysis proximal metaphysis epiphyseal plate distal metaphysis

Epiphysis

The ___ is the region of long bone that contains hyaline cartilage used for growth in length. epiphyseal plate epiphyseal line metaphysis diaphyseal articular cartilage

Metaphysis

Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell? osteoprogenitor cells, osteoclasts, osteocytes osteoclasts, osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes osteoprogenitor cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, osteocytes osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

which is not a part of the event that results in parathyroid hormone's control of blood calcium levels?

PTH acts on the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland to increase the level of the hormone calcitonin

What area of long bones is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and osteogenic cells? periosteum endosteum medullary cavity epiphyseal plate articular cartilage

Periosteum

Where in the diagram does the secondary ossification center form? a b d g g

a

which bone cell in the diagram is located in the inner layer of the periosteum, the endosteum, and perforating and haversian canals? a b c d

a

which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is a site of red blood cell production in adult bone? a b e f g

a

which of the labeled structures in the diagram are fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone rebuilding or growth? a b c d e

a

Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult? a a and b a and c c

a and b

List the order of the zones in an epiphyseal plate from the diaphyseal region to the distal epiphysis. A. zone of calcified cartilage B. zone of hypertrophic cartilage C. zone of proliferating cartilage D. zone of resting cartilage a,c,d,b b,a,c,d a,b,d,c a,b,c,d

a,b,c,d

place the events of a fracture repair in order:

a,e,b,d,c

in the diagram, where do cells lose the ability to divide and increase in size? a b c d

b

what type of bone cell secretes hydroxyapatite and collagen fibers? a b c d

b

which labeled structures in the figure are lamellae? a b c d e

b

which statement describes blood calcium levels accurately?

blood calcium levels increase when bone breaks down, and decrease when bone is built

What area in the diagram would the primary ossification center be formed? a b c d e

c

in the diagram, what bone is considered the strongest? a c d e f

c

in which region of the diagram would yellow bone marrow be located? a b c d e

c

which bone cell in the diagram below transports nutrients and wastes through tiny canals radiating from the lacunae? a b c d

c

which labeled structures in the figure are canaliculi? a b c d e

c

Which two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing? calcium and chlorine magnesium and sulfur calcium and phosphorous manganese and sulfur potassium and phosphorous

calcium and phosphorous

in the diagram, where is the zone of resting cartilage and does it demonstrate a proximal epiphysis or a distal epiphysis? a: proximal epiphysis a: distal epiphysis d: proximal epiphysis d: distal epiphysis

d: proximal epiphysis

During fracture repair, what area will have mesenchymal cells that differentiate into fibroblasts, chondroblasts and osteoblasts? a b d e g

e

which illustration and radiograph in the figure shows a pott's fracture? a b c d e

e

which labeled structure in the figure was once an osteoprogenitor cell? a b c d e

e

which of the labeled structures in the diagram secure dense irregular and osteogenic layers to the bone matrix? a b c d e

e

osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of _______ which would inhibit _______

estrogen; osteoclast activity

in the diagram, what area allows communication from the outermost region to the innermost region of bone? b c d e f

f

where in the diagram is dense irregular connective tissue located? b c d e f

f

which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the repair of a bone fracture?

fracture hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are composed of trabeculae, which are bony structures that lack osteons? b c d f g

g

which type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children? open comminuted impacted greenstick stresss

greenstick

in the diagram, which is the first blood vessel that enters the bone model in endochondral ossification? d e f g h

h

the process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchymal tissue.

hyaline cartilage

during endochondral ossification in a fetus, bones initially develop as a cartilage model that was formed from?

mesenchyme

if bone is analogous to a bank, calcium is analogous to _______

money

which of the following selections correctly lists the sequence of events that occur during intramembranous ossification?

ossification center develops > classification > formation of trabeculae > development of new periosteum

The cells active in fracture repair during the production of the hard (spongy bone) callus fibroblasts osteoclasts osteocytes osteoblasts chondroblasts

osteoblasts

bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone? calcitriol calcitonin human growth hormone parathyroid hormone insulin

parathyroid hormone

which hormone is the most important for ca2+ regulation? parathyroid hormone calcitriol thyroid hormone calcitonin aldosterone

parathyroid hormone

which of the following hormones are more important post-puberty for bone growth?

sex hormones

Mary, an avid runner, was complaining that her lower leg hurt. After going to the doctor, they did not see anything on x-rays of her tibia or fibula. The doctor ordered a bone scan and saw tiny fissures throughout her tibia without any other tissue damage. What is Mary's likely diagnosis? pott fracture colles fracture impacted fracture comminuted fracture stress fracture

stress fracture

if collagen is removed from bone, what happens to the bone? choose the best answer

the bone becomes stiff and brittle

With aging, bones can become more brittle. This brittleness is due to which factor?

with aging, there is a reduction in collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, which means a loss of tensile strength