Chapter 6

The __________ Amendment guarantees citizens protection against "unreasonable search and seizure."

Forth

_________ created the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule.

Nix v. Williams (1984)

In order for a stop to be permissible, officers must have:

reasonable suspicion

A brief interference with a person's freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n):

stop

A "pat down" search is also known as a _________ search.

stop-and-frisk

Someone who places a personal diary in a locked drawer within a bedroom of her home has demonstrated:

a reasonable expectation of privacy.

Terry v. Ohio endorsed stop-and-frisk searches to ensure _______.

officer safety

"Stops" are defined as events that violate individuals' reasonable expectations of privacy.

False

Which of the following is not a condition for the issuance of a warrant?

the suspect must be informed of his/her rights

At what point must Miranda warnings be given to suspects?

Before being interrogated

In ________, the Supreme Court endorsed warrantless searches for weapons and evidence in the immediate vicinity of people who are lawfully arrested.

Chimel v. California

In which U.S. Supreme Court case was it established that criminal defendants must be read their rights?

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

The term "reasonable expectation of privacy" is most relevant to which of the following police activities?

Search

A situation in which a police officer uses his/her authority to deprive people of their liberty or property is called a:

Seizure

Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent their escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of serious injury?

Tennessee v. Garner (1985)

In which case did the Supreme Court endorse a police officer's authority to stop-and-frisk suspects on the streets when there is reasonable suspicion that they are armed and involved in criminal activity.

Terry v. Ohio (1968)

In what circumstance is the totality of circumstances used?

To determine whether probable cause exists

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) applied the exclusionary rule to the state court system.

True

Probable cause must be established before an arrest warrant is issued.

True

The majority of searches take place without a warrant.

True

A written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation and submitted to judicial officers to fulfill the requirements of probable cause for obtaining a warrant, is the definition of:

an affidavit.

A significant deprivation of liberty, involving taking a person into custody, transporting them to a police station or jail, and processing them into the criminal justice system, is called a(n):

arrest

A ________ search allows officers to conduct a permissible warrantless search of a person, vehicle, home, or location after receiving permission from the person in question.

consent

When there is an immediate threat to public safety or the risk that evidence will be destroyed , officers may search, arrest, or question suspects without obtaining a warrant. This is termed:

exigent circumstances.

The _________ doctrine permits officers to notice and use as evidence items that are visible to them when they are in a location that they are permitted to be.

plain view

To obtain an arrest warrant, police must demonstrate:

probable cause

According to ________, a suspect who, during a frisk, which is not justified by proper observation and reasonable suspicion , is found to be carrying drugs or weapons can seek to have the evidence excluded.

the exclusionary rule