Chapter 6 Anatomy

Using the Figure below, identify the nutrient vein. The image displays a partially sectioned tibia or shin bone, revealing the blood vessels. A B C D

A: bottom surface of bone vein

In the following illustration, which bone is an irregular bone? The image displays the anterior view of a skeleton. Arrows point to the humerus, the wrist bone, the sternum, the vertebra and the patella. A B C D E

C

Which types of arteries supply blood to a long bone? 1. periosteal arteries 2. nutrient artery 3. epiphyseal arteries 4. metaphyseal arteries a.) 1 and 2 only b.) 2, 3, and 4 only c.) 1 and 4 only d.) 2 and 4 only e.) 1, 2, 3, and 4

e.) periosteal arteries, nutrient artery, epiphyseal arteries, metaphyseal arteries (all supply blood to long bones)

The appearance of what feature indicates the end of bone growth in length? epiphyseal ridge epiphyseal line osteon epiphyseal plate

epiphyseal line

Which of the following terms refers to the (proximal and distal) ends of a bone? diaphysis endosteum epiphyses metaphyses periosteum

epiphyses

Functions of bone tissue include all of the following EXCEPT: protection of internal organs storing and releasing minerals generating heat assisting in movement

generating heat

The arms and legs are made of ________ bones. long short flat irregular sesamoid

long

Which bone surface marking is described as a 'tubelike opening,' for example the opening for the ear canal through the temporal bone? meatus tuberosity line epicondyle fossa

meatus

Which of the following refers to a tube-like opening in a bone? meatus fissure foramen fossa

meatus

In bone tissue, which type of cell is the 'bone-building cell' (secretes extracellular matrix and initiates calcification)? osteogenic cell osteoblast osteocyte osteoclast none of these are correct

osteoblast

Which of the following terms refers to a reduced bone mass? osteoporosis osteopenia osteoarthritis osteomyelitis

osteopenia

For an adult suffering from osteomalacia or a child afflicted with Rickets, which of the following factors could be most beneficial in terms of treatment? vitamin C parathyroid hormone vitamin K insulin

parathyroid hormone

Which structure provides a protective outer covering for bones and assists with fracture repair? epiphysis epiphseal plate periosteum diaphysis

periosteum

Which of the following types of exercise would be the best for maintaining (and possibly enhancing) bone strength? running swimming cycling canoeing

running

Triglyceride storage, blood cell production, mineral storage and release and protections are all functions of the ____ system

skeletal

Which of the following types of fractures is difficult to detect with an X-ray and usually shows no visible signs on examination? greenstick fracture compound fracture stress fracture impacted fracture comminuted fracture

stress fracture

Which activity would best promote bone formation? weight lifting immunizations being on bed rest donating yellow bone marrow

weight lifting

Which of the following is NOT classified by shape as a long bone? phalanx (singular of phalanges which are finger and toe bones) humerus (arm bone) fibula (leg bone) sternum (breastbone) metacarpal (hand bone)

Sternum

Which of the following has the steps for fracture repair in the correct order? 1.) formation of a fracture hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling 2.) bone remodeling, bony callus formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, formation of fracture hematoma 3.) fibrocartilaginous callus formation, formation of fracture hematoma, bony callus formation, bone remodeling 4.) formation of fracture hematoma, bony callus formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bone remodeling 5.) formation of fracture hematoma, bone remodeling, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation

1.) formation of a fracture hematoma fibrocartilaginous callus formation bony callus formation bone remodeling

Which of the following is a route for nutrients and oxygen to reach osteocytes in the compact bone of a diaphysis? The image displays a histology of compact and spongy bone. 1.) central canal, canaliculi, perforating canal, periosteum 2.) trabecula, central canal, canaliculi 3.) perforating canal, periosteum, central canal, canaliculi 4.) periosteum, canaliculi, central canal, perforating canal 5.) periosteum, perforating canal, central canal, canaliculi

5.) Periosteum, perforating canal, central canal, canaliculi

Loss of bone mass typically occurs as a part of aging, and it is more extreme in women than men. Which of the following processes contribute to the loss of bone density? demineralization decrease in protein synthesis decreasing estrogen levels all of these choices

D.) all of these choices. (demineralization, decrease in protein synthesis, decreasing estrogen levels)

In the figure shown, what part of a long bone is indicated? "The image displays a partially sectioned humerus or arm bone. An arrow points at a line between the Proximal epiphysis and the Metaphysis." distal epiphysis diaphysis epiphyseal line medullary cavity endosteum

Epiphyseal line

After menopause, bone deposition by osteoblasts outpaces bone resorption by osteoclasts. True False

False

The formation of bone that replaces the tissue that makes up the "soft spots" in a baby's skull is an example of: endochondral ossification intramembranous ossification both types of ossification none of these

Intramembranous ossification

In the figure shown, what structure(s) is/are indicated? (The image displays a sectional view of several osteons, haversian systems, of the femur or the thigh bone, and details of one osteon. It magnifies a section and an arrow points at small spaces between the concentric lamellae. ) canaliculi central canal lamellae lacuna haversian canal

Lacuna