Chapter 6 - Cartilage and Bone

[] It increases the density of long bones. [X] It provides resistance to stresses from many different directions. [X] It decreases the weight of long bones. [] It makes the bones slightly flexible. Explanation The meshwork organization of spongy bone allows it to resist stress from many different directions, much like a jungle gym. The porous nature of spongy bone also decreases the weight of long bones.

The organization of the trabeculae in spongy bone serves what purposes? Check all that are correct. [] It increases the density of long bones. [] It provides resistance to stresses from many different directions. [] It decreases the weight of long bones. [] It makes the bones slightly flexible.

D) diaphysis, epiphysis

The shaft of a long bone is called the __________, while the expanded, knobby region at each end is called the __________. A) metaphysis, epiphyseal line B) proximal epiphysis, distal epiphysis C) diaphysis, metaphysis D) diaphysis, epiphysis

Hyaline cartilage

Which is found joining the ribs to the sternum? Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage Osseous tissue

calcium

Which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bone? potassium calcium sodium phosphorus

50 years old

At which of the following ages would calcium loss from bone be more than calcium deposits into bone, even when a high calcium diet is eaten? 18 months old 10 years old 18 years old 50 years old

[X] Flat bones of the skull [] Vertebrae [] Long bones of the limbs [X] Mandible

Check all of the bones that are formed by intramembranous ossification. [] Flat bones of the skull [] Vertebrae [] Long bones of the limbs [] Mandible

[X] Blood cell production [X] Movement [X] Support and Protection [] Flexibility [X] Storage of mineral and energy reserves

Check all that are a function of bone. [] Blood cell production [] Movement [] Support and Protection [] Flexibility [] Storage of mineral and energy reserves

[] Ribs [X] Tibia (leg bone) [X] Phalanges (finger bones) [] Patella (kneecap) [X] Humerus (bone of the arm) Explanation Long bones can vary in length, which is why the short bones of the finger are long bones, as are the humerus and tibia. The ribs are not long bones. They function to provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment and protect underlying soft tissues.

Check all that are examples of long bones. [] Ribs [] Tibia (leg bone) [] Phalanges (finger bones) [] Patella (kneecap) [] Humerus (bone of the arm)

external circumferential lamellae.

If you look at the cross section of a long bone under a microscope, the rings of bone immediately internal to the periosteum of the bone are called external circumferential lamellae. interstitial lamellae. canaliculi. perforating canals.

zone of proliferating cartilage.

In the epiphyseal plate, the microscopic zone in which chondrocytes undergo rapid cell division and become aligned into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae is called the zone of resting cartilage. zone of proliferating cartilage. zone of hypertrophic cartilage. zone of calcified cartilage. zone of ossification.

Parathyroid hormone - 2 Calcitonin - 1

Match each hormone with its effect on the skeletal system. 1. Encourages bone deposition 2. Stimulates osteoclast activity Parathyroid hormone Calcitonin

Medullary cavity - 4 Metaphysis - 2 Endosteum - 1 Periosteum - 3

Match the part of a long bone with its description. 1. Covers all internal surfaces of the bone 2. Contains the growth plate 3. Covers the outer surface of bone 4. Contains bone marrow Medullary cavity Metaphysis Endosteum Periosteum

Hyaline cartilage - 3 Fibrocartilage - 2 Elastic cartilage - 1

Match the type of cartilage with one if of its locations. 1. Fleshy, external part of the ear 2. Trachea 3. Pubic symphysis Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage

Appositional growth - 2 Interstitial growth - 1

Match the type of long bone growth with its description. 1. Growth in length 2. Growth in thickness Appositional growth Interstitial growth

Intramembranous - 2 Endochondral - 1

Match the type of ossification with its brief description. 1. Begins with a hyaline cartilage model 2. Develops from mesenchyme Intramembranous Endochondral

[X] Chondroblasts [X] Osteoblasts [X] Fibroblasts [X] Osteoclasts Explanation Fibroblasts and chondroblasts are involved with the formation of the soft callus, while osteoblasts and osteoclasts are involved in the deposition and remodeling of new osseous tissue.

Select all that are involved with fracture repair. [] Chondroblasts [] Osteoblasts [] Fibroblasts [] Osteoclasts

True

T/F Cartilage serves as a model for bone growth.

False Explanation Parathyroid hormone is secreted in response to reduced calcium levels in the blood, and ultimately functions to increase blood calcium levels through the mechanisms described.

T/F If you are not getting adequate calcium in your diet, calcitonin will be secreted, which stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone and thereby increases calcium levels in the blood.

False Explanation The formation of the epiphyseal line signifies the termination of lengthwise growth in a bone.

T/F Once the epiphyseal plate fuses and forms an epiphyseal line, the long bone continues to grow in length, but at a slower rate.

Short bone - 1 Flat bone - 4 Long bone - 3 Irregular bone - 2

Tell whether each bone is a long, short, irregular, or flat bone. 1. Carpal (wrist bone) 2. Vertebra (bone of the spine) 3. Femur (bone of the thigh) 4. Scapula (shoulder blade) Match each of the options above to the items below. Short bone Flat bone Long bone Irregular bone