chapter 6
The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis and the end of a long bone nearest the point of attachment to the trunk is called the proximal epiphysis
true
The skeletal system can produce blood cells and store triglycerides
true
A skeleton that exhibits a partially closed epiphyseal plate would likely be that of a
An adolescent
Increasing mechanical stress will cause bone to become stronger by
Increasing deposition of mineral salts
_______ contribute(s) to the hardness of bone while ________ give(s) it flexibility
Mineral salts; collagen and other organics
Which of the following individuals would have a lower rate of bone deposition and would therefore be at greater risk for bone loss through bone resorption?
a secretary who works at a desk job and does not do any regular weight-bearing exercise
By which process, as an individual grows to adulthood, is the thickness (diameter) of bone increased?
appositional growth
Which two minerals are stored in major quantities in bone tissue?
calcium and phosphorus
When bones increase in thickness (diameter) as an individual grows to adulthood, which tissue or cells of the bone begin this growth process?
cells of the periosteum differentiating into osteoblasts
An elderly woman trips and falls. She puts out her hand to try to stop her fall, and ends up with a fracture of the lower arm. An x-ray shows that at the break, many pieces of bone have a splintered and fragmented appearance. Which type of fracture does this woman have?
comminuted fracture
Which of the following regions of bone would not undergo bone remodeling as frequently as the other regions?
compact bone
The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchymal tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of
hyaline cartilage
Ikea is a ten year old child raised on the planet Beneckea which has half the gravity of earth. Her parents have decided to move their family back to earth. Will Ikea need to increase or decrease her bone mass to live comfortably on earth?
increase
Most of the bones of the skull are formed by this process
intramembranous ossification
Once osteoblasts have surrounded themselves with the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, they remain inside little chambers called
lacunae
The hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults is called the
medullary cavity
In which region of a long bone, such as the humerus, would you find the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)?
metaphysis
The process of bone formation is referred to as
ossification
Which is formed from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of white blood cell)?
osteoclast
the correct sequence of development of bone cells?
osteoprogenitor cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes
Which of the following is the most important hormone regulating calcium exchange?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Hematopoiesis takes place in the ________ of some adult bone
red bone marrow
Bone can be classified as a connective tissue because it contains an extracellular matrix that surrounds widely spaced cells
true
During a needle biopsy of a person's bone marrow, maybe to test for the presence of cancer, pain is felt when the needle passes through the periosteum because it is richly supplied with nerves
true
With aging, bones can become more brittle. This brittleness is due to which factor?
with aging, there is a reduction in collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, which means a loss of tensile strength