chapter 6

The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis and the end of a long bone nearest the point of attachment to the trunk is called the proximal epiphysis

true

The skeletal system can produce blood cells and store triglycerides

true

A skeleton that exhibits a partially closed epiphyseal plate would likely be that of a

An adolescent

Increasing mechanical stress will cause bone to become stronger by

Increasing deposition of mineral salts

_______ contribute(s) to the hardness of bone while ________ give(s) it flexibility

Mineral salts; collagen and other organics

Which of the following individuals would have a lower rate of bone deposition and would therefore be at greater risk for bone loss through bone resorption?

a secretary who works at a desk job and does not do any regular weight-bearing exercise

By which process, as an individual grows to adulthood, is the thickness (diameter) of bone increased?

appositional growth

Which two minerals are stored in major quantities in bone tissue?

calcium and phosphorus

When bones increase in thickness (diameter) as an individual grows to adulthood, which tissue or cells of the bone begin this growth process?

cells of the periosteum differentiating into osteoblasts

An elderly woman trips and falls. She puts out her hand to try to stop her fall, and ends up with a fracture of the lower arm. An x-ray shows that at the break, many pieces of bone have a splintered and fragmented appearance. Which type of fracture does this woman have?

comminuted fracture

Which of the following regions of bone would not undergo bone remodeling as frequently as the other regions?

compact bone

The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchymal tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of

hyaline cartilage

Ikea is a ten year old child raised on the planet Beneckea which has half the gravity of earth. Her parents have decided to move their family back to earth. Will Ikea need to increase or decrease her bone mass to live comfortably on earth?

increase

Most of the bones of the skull are formed by this process

intramembranous ossification

Once osteoblasts have surrounded themselves with the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, they remain inside little chambers called

lacunae

The hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults is called the

medullary cavity

In which region of a long bone, such as the humerus, would you find the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)?

metaphysis

The process of bone formation is referred to as

ossification

Which is formed from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of white blood cell)?

osteoclast

the correct sequence of development of bone cells?

osteoprogenitor cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes

Which of the following is the most important hormone regulating calcium exchange?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Hematopoiesis takes place in the ________ of some adult bone

red bone marrow

Bone can be classified as a connective tissue because it contains an extracellular matrix that surrounds widely spaced cells

true

During a needle biopsy of a person's bone marrow, maybe to test for the presence of cancer, pain is felt when the needle passes through the periosteum because it is richly supplied with nerves

true

With aging, bones can become more brittle. This brittleness is due to which factor?

with aging, there is a reduction in collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, which means a loss of tensile strength