Chapter 6 Lesson 3

What are the trends among the elements for first ionization energy, ionic size, and electronegativity?

-First ionization energy tends to decrease from top to bottom within a group and increase from left to right across a period. -Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they form. Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they form. -In general, electronegativity values decrease from top to bottom within a group. For representative elements, the values tend to increase from left to right across a period.

A/An _______ is an ion with a negative charge

Anion

Which ion is negatively charged?

Anion

Nonmetals tend to lose electrons to form ___________.

Anions

When you gain an electron, does the atom get bigger or smaller?

Bigger

A/An ________ is an ion with a positive charge.

Cation

Which ion is positively charged?

Cation

Metals tend to lose electrons to form _________.

Cations

In general, electronegativity values ________ from top to bottom within a group.

Decrease

___________ is the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound.

Electronegativity

The energy required to remove the first electron from an atom is called the __________.

First Ionization Energy

In which direction does the atomic size decrease?

From Left to Right across a period.

In which direction does the atomic size increase?

From top to bottom within a group.

Nonmetal atoms tend to __________ electrons.

Gain

What are the seven diatomic electrons?

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine.

What are the trends among the elements for atomic size?

In general, atomic size increases from top to bottom within a group and decreases from left to right across a period.

For representative elements, the values tend to _______ from left to right across a period.

Increase

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is called ___________.

Ionization Energy

An _______ is an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

Ions

Some compounds are composed of particles called _______.

Ions

Anions are always ________ than the atoms from which they form.

Larger

Metal atoms tend to ________ electrons.

Lose

Nonmetal atoms tend to gain electrons, which means their charge turns to _________.

Negative

When an atom gains an electron, what charge does it turn?

Negative

Picometers always come in ________.

Pairs

Metal atoms tend to lose electrons, which means their charge turns to ________.

Positive

When an atom loses an electron, what charge does it turn?

Positive

How do ions form?

Positive and negative ions form when electrons are transferred between atoms.

The energy required to remove an electron from an ion with a 1+ charge is called the ________.

Second Ionization Energy

Cations are always ________ than the atoms from which they form.

Smaller

When you lose an electron, does the atom get bigger or smaller?

Smaller

ionization energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Atomic radius

The one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.

What is the underlying cause of periodic trends?

The trends that exist among these properties can be explained by variations in atomic structure.

The trends that exist among these properties can be explained by _________.

Variations in atomic structure

How do positive ions form?

When electrons are transferred between atoms.

Electronegativity

ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound.

Ion

an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

anion

an ion with a negative charge.

cation

an ion with a positive charge.

First ionization energy tends to _________ from top to bottom

decrease

First ionization energy tends to _________ from left to right across a period.

increase