Chapter 6 Mastering A and P Part 1

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? body support blood cell production protection of internal organs calcium homeostasis All of the answers are correct.

all of the answers are correct

The central canal of an osteon contains lacunae. blood vessels. bone marrow. concentric lamellae. osteocytes.

blood vessels

In appositional bone growth, how are layers of compact bone added to the bone's outer surface? Bone is deposited by superficial osteoclasts. As additional interstitial lamellae are deposited, and the bone continues to increase in diameter. Bone matrix is removed by osteoblasts. Bone is deposited by superficial osteoblasts.

bone is deposited by superficial osteoblasts

During appositional growth, osteoblasts are overwhelmed by osteocytes. bone is replaced by cartilage. bones grow wider. bones grow longer. the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis.

bones grow wider

The most abundant mineral in the human body is potassium. calcium. phosphorus. hydrogen. sodium.

calcium

The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called lacunae. foramina. medullary cavities. canaliculi. central canals.

canaliculi

Which of the following is not present in bone? collagen fibers calcium carbonate chondroitin sulfate hydroxyapatite calcium phosphate

chondroitin sulfate

To form perforating fibers, osteoblasts from the cellular layer of the periosteum cement collagen fibers from tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules into which structures? interstitial lamellae central canal concentric lamellae circumferential lamellae

circumferential lamellae

________ are stronger than steel when stretched. Collagen fibers Lamellae Mesenchymal cells Hydroxyapatite cells Lacunae

collagen fibers

The lining of the medullary cavity is called the perimysium. epimysium. perichondrium. periosteum. endosteum.

endosteum

A shallow depression on a bone is termed a line. facet. fossa. sulcus. fissure.

fossa

In bone, the calcium phosphate forms crystals of calcium apatite. hydroxyapatite. carbonite. osteocyte. calcium carbonate.

hydroxyaoatite

All of the following are characteristics of periosteum except: It provides a route for the blood and nervous supply. It actively participates in bone growth and repair. It is an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity. It has two layers, an inner layer and an outer layer.

it is an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity

The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a lacuna. Volkmann's canal. trabecula. Haversian canal. Venetian canal.

lacuna

The medullary cavity of bones contains osteons. marrow. cartilage. compact bone. periosteum.

marrow

Which of the following best matches osteocyte? secretes organic matrix dissolves matrix stem cell mature bone cell

mature bone cell

Fat is stored within the diaphysis. spongy bone. medullary cavity. epiphysis. metaphysis.

medullary cavity

The periosteum contains all of the following except: motor nerves. lymphatic vessels. blood vessels. sensory nerves.

motor nerves

The narrow region between the head and shaft of a long bone is called the canal. ramus. neck. trochlea. sulcus.

neck

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced by bone. ossification osteolysis appositional growth perforation deposition

ossification

Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called osteoclasts. osteocytes. osteoblasts. osteoprogenitor cells. chondrocytes.

osteoblasts

________ free calcium from bone to maintain blood calcium levels. Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Osteogenic cells Osteocytes

osteoclasts

The structural units of mature compact bone are called osteocytes. canaliculi. lacunae. osteons. lamellae.

osteons

Which component is not present in spongy bone? osteons canaliculi lamellae trabeculae

osteons

________ are mesenchymal cells that develop into osteoblasts. Osteomedullary cells Osteoprogenitor cells Osteocytes Squamous osteons Osteoclasts

osteoprogenitor cells

In relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone, the osteons are anterior. diagonal. radial. parallel. proximal.

parallel

Bones that develop within tendons are called ________ bones. Wormian sutural tendon irregular sesamoid

sesamoid

Which class of bones develops inside tendons and is most commonly located near joints at the knees, the hands, and the feet? short bones sutural bones flat bones sesamoid bones

sesamoid bones

The carpal bones are examples of ________ bones. sesamoid long flat irregular short

short

A chamber within a bone normally filled with air is a facet. sulcus. sinus. meatus. fissure.

sinus

________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles. Irregular Compact Short Long Spongy

spongy

What supplies the articular cartilage of long bones with oxygen and nutrients? metaphyseal artery nutrient artery epiphyseal artery synovial fluid

synovial fluid

Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system? tendons bones cartilages ligaments

tendons

The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called lacunae. interstitial lamellae. concentric lamellae. trabeculae. osteons.

trabeculae

The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the trochanter. tubercle. tuberosity. condyle. ramus.

trochanter

Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape? metatarsal vertebra frontal ulna patella

vertebra