Chapter 6: Motivation

Which of the following are reasons some employees may lack motivation?

1. Assignment of an ambiguous goal 2. Lack of confident

Rank the following motivating forces in order of their strength on job performance, with the strongest job performance motivator listed at top and the lowest job performance motivator listed at bottom.

1. Self efficacy 2. Specific, difficult goal 3. Increase valance, instrumentality, and Expectancy Perception of equity

Which three of the following are reasons an employee may be more motivated than his or her counterparts?

1. The employee has specific, challenging, and achievable goals. 2. The employee has feelings of expectancy and instrumentality. 3. The employee has feelings of psychological empowerment.

Workers who believe that their workplaces have a sense of equity are more likely to exhibit Blank______ behaviors and less likely to exhibit Blank______ behaviors.

Citizen; counterproductive

According to research, what kind of goals result in the greatest amount of success in workers?

Difficult and undefined

What theory of motivation suggests that motivation depends on individuals' perceptions of their life and what occurs in lives of others?

Equity theory

Which of the following motivation theories considers the ratio between outcomes and inputs and recognizes that outcomes depend in part on what occurs in the lives of others?

Equity theory

A person's belief that the effort they put into completing a task will lead to performing at a desired level is called

Expectancy

An individual's belief that effort will result in positive outcomes is known as Blank______.

Expectancy

What kind of belief answers the question "What are the chances that, if I work very hard, I'll be able to do a good job?"

Expectancy

Which theory of motivation proposes that work effort is directed toward positive experiences and away from negative ones?

Expectancy theory

In equity theory, inputs usually refer to

Experience

In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered inputs?

Experience and skills

Danielle is eager to earn an A average in her college courses this semester because her parents have promised her a trip to Florida if she achieves this. The trip is an example of Blank______ forces in Danielle's motivation.

External

What type of motivation occurs when success is recognized and rewarded by other people?

Extrinsic behavior

rue or false: If any of the three beliefs of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence is higher than zero, motivation will be higher than zero.

False because It doesn't matter how confident you are if performance doesn't result in any outcomes, and it doesn't matter how well performance is evaluated and rewarded if you don't believe you can perform well.

Which of the following can raise self-efficacy through vicarious experiences?

Follows the fellow blogs

Which of following is the aim of an action and serves as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort for the action?

Goal

Which theory of motivation argues that objectives determine the work actions of people?

Goal setting theory

If an employee is feeling negative inequity (underrewarded) due to less pay than a comparable other, they are most likely to do all of the following except

Increase their effort

A student believes that doing well on the next test will ensure an A in the course. These thoughts demonstrate what type of belief?

Instrumentality

Harold's boss frequently exhorts his subordinates to work harder by promising them a substantial bonus at the end of each quarter. However, bonuses are only sporadically awarded regardless of meeting performance goals. As a result, Harold's ________ may be low.

Instrumentality

When an individual experiences psychological empowerment, performing the work tasks serves as its own reward. What kind of motivation is this?

Intrinsic

What type of motivation is involved when an employee finds internal satisfaction in doing a job well?

Intrinsic motivation

In equity theory, outcomes usually refer to

Intrinsic reward

Which of the following best defines valence?

It is the believed worth of the results of one's efforts.

Which term describes how hard people work towards something, where they apply their efforts, and how they continue to work towards their goals?

Motivation

According to expectancy theory, which of the following statements concerning motivational force is true?

Motivation increases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes.

Joe has the same qualifications (education and experience) as Chelsea, and they work for the same company. Joe finds out that Chelsea is earning a higher salary than him, even though they both do the same job. Based on equity theory, what is Joe most likely to experience?

Negative inequity (underreward)

In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered outcomes?

Pay and promotions

What do people experience when they believe that their professional work contributes to some greater cause?

Physiological empowerment

HSBC calling participants in its international management program exciting names like 'dreamers' and 'explorers' can raise self-efficacy using

Pride and enthusiam

What theory asserts that motivation is based on what a person considers to be fair when compared to others?

Quilty theory

Which of the following would be considered "positively valanced" outcomes for most people?

Salary increase and recognition

Which of the following is meant to foster intrinsic motivation?

Self development

An employee with little experience in event planning is convinced they have the ability to plan a successful company holiday party. What type of belief does this demonstrate?

Self-efficacy

What employee motivator tends to produce the best professional results?

Self-efficacy

Which type of belief prompt people to think that they have the capabilities needed to carry out the behaviors needed for a task?

Self-efficacy

What is most likely to happen if employees feel that they have less equity in their workplaces?

They would take actions against their workplaces.

According to expectancy theory, an individual's effort level depends on three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and

Valence

An employee's manager is retiring at the end of the month, but the employee has no desire to apply for the position because it would mean working longer hours and a lot more travel. This employee has a negative Blank______ with respect to the position.

Valence

Fran is a customer service representative for Universal Equipment in Chicago. Fran enjoys living and working in downtown Chicago because of the availability of public transportation as she does not own a car. Universal Equipment recently announced that they are giving a free parking space to the worker with the highest level of customer service. This announcement does not affect Fran's level of motivation is due to the impact it has on her

Valence

The term is defined by the question "Does the outcome have any value to me?"

Valence

Angela has to deliver a major presentation at work, and she is decidedly nervous. A colleague drops by her office that morning and says, "You've got this!" and she feels better almost immediately. This is an example of which source of self-efficacy?

Verbal persuation

Sam is nervous about donating blood at the blood drive at work, but sees coworkers donating blood and thinks, "If they can do it, I can do it!" This is an example of which source of self-efficacy?

Vicarious experience

Which of these would be an example of verbal persuasion used correctly?

Your boss says, "You have the skills to succeed in an overseas assignment."

According to equity theory, we examine our own efforts and results and contrast them with the efforts and results of other employees. What term is used to describe these other workers?

comparison others

Kendra has been working for Harmon Electronics as a quality-control inspector for three years. She learns that a coworker with less experience and less time with the company is earning more than she is. What role does Kendra's coworker fulfill, according to the equity theory?

comparison theory

A(n) Blank______ goal is one that stretches employees to perform at their maximum level while still staying within the boundaries of their ability.

difficult

Jason has always been unsure of himself and his job skills, so when the boss gives him a new task, he experiences feelings of fear and anxiety that make him sure he won't succeed. Which determinant of self-efficacy does this represent? Multiple choice question.

emotional cues

The term -----describes the belief that, "If I do a good job, I'll receive the outcome I desire."

instrumentality

After comparing your situation with that of a comparison other, you realize that your ratio of outcomes and inputs is greater than the other person's. According to equity theory, this is what type of a situation?

over-reward equity

our successful overseas experience with WWOOF can best build self-efficacy through

past accomplishment

When you compare your situation with that of a comparison other, you realize that your ratio of outcomes to inputs is significantly less than the other person's. According to equity theory, you would now perceive yourself to be in which state?

underreward equity