Chapter 6 Proteins
which of the following individuals requires positive protein balance?
Middle-aged adult recovering from an injury Adolescent boy during growth spurt Older adult recovering from an illness
edema refers to
a buildup of fluid in extracellular spaces
pepsin
a major stomach enzyme for digesting proteins, then goes to work on the unraveled polypeptide chains.
when excess protein is consumed, excess animo acids can be
converted into glucose converted into fat metabolized as fuel
which of the following are characteristics of kwashiorkor
edema lack of growth fatty liver a young child may develop kwashiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels
t or f: most plant proteins are examples of complete proteins
false
t or false: animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids
false
which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?
fats, carbs
a diet rich in animal source of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because
foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat, and high in cholesterol
which my plate food groups offer rich sources of foods with cancer-fighting antioxidants
fruits, veggies, grains
reasons people choose to become vegetarians include
health, economics, religion, and ethics
what % of the protein north americans consume comes from animal sources?
70%
anemia, nerve damage and mental dysfunction are all associated with a vitamin ______ deficiency
B-12
which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein
blood protein concentration decreases edema can develop immune function is imparied
what are some vegetarian foods that supply the body with vitamin B-12
breakfast cereals fortified soy milk
phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of
cardiovascular disease cancer
what is it called when two sources of protein combine to form a complete protein, whereas by themselves, they supply an inadequate amount of essential amino acids?
complementary protein
the RDA for protein is higher than 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight during
infancy pregnancy
it is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in ________
infants
vitamin c helps with the absorption of
iron
_________ is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes"
kwashlorkor
a _________ diet is a modified vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs
lactoovovegetarian
a __________ is a modified vegetarian because they will extend their vegetarian diet to include dairy products
lactovegetarian
An ___________ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds. examples include: peanuts, garden peas, and lentils
legume
which type of protein calorie malnutrition leads to severe muscle wasting and a "skin and bones" appearance?
marasums
which of the following occurs when a person consumes less protein than what is needed?
negative protein balance
amino acid needs should be met
over the course of the day
steps of protein digestion
partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine Partially digested proteins trigger the realse of the hormone CCK CCK causes the pancreas to release protein splitting enzymes Trpysin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acids segments
slightly exceeding your needs for ________ may be beneficial when cutting calories to lose weight
protein
the liver and kidneys must work hard to derive energy from ________, which makes it a costly source of calories
protein
what macronutrient is a key component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness?
protein
almost all enzymes are
proteins
intact proteins are __________ absorbed from the digestive tract
rarely
how do proteins contribute to acid base balance of the blood
serve as buffers that resist changes in ph pump ions into and out of the cells
choose the 8 foods that account for 90% of food related allergies
soy, tree nuts, eggs, peanuts, fish, shellfish, wheat, milk
which of the following meals would be acceptable for a lactoovovegetarian
spinach and artichoke lasgna with alfredo sauce; italian bread; iced tea poached eggs; whole-wheat toast with jam; banana; orange juice
chemical digestion of proteins takes place in the
stomach and small intestine
the defining characteristic of a nut is that it grows on a ________
tree
T or F: vitamin b-12 is found primarily in animal foods
true
t or f: a protein deficiency usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients
true
t or f: every call contains protein
true
a ___________ is a total vegetarian who eats only plant based foods and does not use animal products for any other purposes
vegan
chicldren following a vegan or vegetarian diet may be at risk for deficiencies of
vitamin b-12 calcium vitamin D iron