Chapter 6 Quiz Questions
People are considered to be in a full manic episode when they display an abnormally high or irritable mood, increased activity or energy, and at least three other symptoms of mania for at least: A. one week B. three weeks C. two weeks D. four weeks
A>
Around ___% of all adults may experience an episode of severe unipolar depression at some point in their lives. A. 6 B. 19 C. 28 D. 42
B.
The hormone that may indirectly play a role in depression is: A. serotonin B. testosterone C. thyroxin D. melatonin
D.
Identical twins of persons with a bipolar disorder have a ___ percent chance of developing bipolar disorder. A. 40 B. 50 C. 15 D. 25
A.
In bipolar disorder, if a person experiences ___ or more mood episodes within a one-year period, their disorder would be classified as rapid cycling. A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 12
A.
John experiences full manic and depressive episodes and would be diagnosed with: A. bipolar I disorder B. major depressive disorder C. bipolar II disorder D. mixed depressive disorder
A.
The most common pattern of mood disorder is: A. unipolar depression B. bipolar disorder C. seasonal affective disorder D. anaclitic depression
A.
Which of the following is not thought to play a role in the development of depression? A. acetylcholine B. serotonin C. 5-HTT gene D. family members who are diagnosed with depression
A.
Which statement regarding unipolar depression is TRUE? A. The rate of depression - mild or severe - is higher among poor people than wealthier people B. The rate of depression - mild or severe - is higher among wealthier people than poor people. C. The rate of mild depression is higher among poor people than wealthier people. D. The rate of severe depression is higher among wealthier people than poor people.
A.
Which theorist is credited with formulating the concept of the cognitive triad? A. Aaron Beck B. Martin Seligman C. Peter Lewinsohn D. Sigmund Freud
A.
Women are ___ as likely as men to experience episodes of severe unipolar depression. A. two times B. four times C. one and one-half times D. three times
A.
___ examine the relatives of people with unipolar depression to see whether the disorder affects other family members. A. Family pedigree B. Twin C. Genetic linkage D. Molecular
A.
___ is a diagnosis given to certain women who repeatedly experience clinically significant depressive and related symptoms during the week before menstruation. A. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder B. Premenstrual syndrome with pervasive depressive symptoms C. Premenstrual syndrome D. Premenstrual depressive disorder
A.
___ is the perception that one has no control over the reinforcements in their lives. A. Learned helplessness B. Attributions C. Learned hopelessness D. Self-blame
A.
___ mood dysregulation is characterized by a combination od persistent depressive symptoms and recurrent outbursts of severe temper. A. disruptive B. depressive C. manic D. bipolar
A.
What does the most recent research tell us about genetic factors involved in the development of biopolar disorder? A. a number of genetic abnormalities probably combine to help bring about bipolar disorder B. it is linked to the Y chromosome, which is why it is so much more prevalent in men C. is it a sex-linked disorder that can only be passed from father to son or from mother to daughter D. it is found exclusively on the X chromosome
A>
___ refers to an inability to experience any pleasure at all.
Anhedonia
According to the study at Penn State, which of the following statements is true? A. A heavily crying woman was always perceived positively B. A moist eye in a man was perceived as better then open crying C. Women and men benefit equally from crying in public D. A crying man is always perceived negatively
B.
An effective treatments for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) that compensates for the darkness of winter is: A. sleep B. light therapy C. serotonin D. behavioral therapy
B.
Depressed people sometimes experience a steady train of unpleasant thoughts that suggest to them that they are inadequate and that their situation is helpless. There are known as: A. arbitrary inferences B. automatic thoughts C. selective abstractions D. cognitive triads
B.
Fraternal twins of persons with a bipolar disorder have a ___ percent likelihood of developing the same disorder. A. 10 to 15 B. 5 to 10 C. 3 to 4 D. 15 to 20
B.
In ___ disorder, hypomanic episodes alternate with major depressive episodes over the course of time. A. bipolar I B. bipolar II C. cyclothymic D. dysthymic
B.
More than ___ percent of patients with bipolar disorder improve through the use of mood stabilizing drugs. A. 40 B. 60 C. 50 D. 70
B.
The form of bipolar disorder characterized by hypomanic episodes alternating with major depressive episodes is: A. dysthymic disorder B. bipolar II disorder C. cyclothymic disorder D. bipolar I disorder
B.
When a person experiences numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms, DSM-5 assigns a diagnosis of: A. bipolar III disorder B. cyclothymic disorder C. unipolar II disorder D. dysmanic disorder
B.
Which of the following statements is true of postpartum depression? A. 95% of women experience "baby blues," but this is not considered to be as serious as postpartum depression. B. Self-help support groups, both in-person and online, have proved extremely helpful for treating women with postpartum depression. C. Antidepressant medication has been found to be the only effective treatment for postpartum depression. D. All of the answers are true.
B.
Which statement is FALSE regarding the treatment of bipolar disorder? A. Antidepressants may trigger manic episodes in some cases. B. Lithium is as effective in treating depressive episodes as manic episodes. C. Mood stabilizers help those with bipolar disorder overcome their depressive episodes. D. Continued doses of mood stabilizers may help reduce the risk of future depressive episodes.
B.
Women who experience postpartum depression have a(n) ___ percent chance of developing it again with a subsequent birth. A. 10 to 15 B. 25 to 50 C. 50 to 75 D. 75 to 100
B.
___ induce chemical changes within a neuron just after the neuron receives a neurotransmitter message and just before it responds. A. first messengers B. second messengers C. Post-transmitters D. Pre-responders
B.
____ is a low, sad state in which life seems dark and its challenges overwhelming. A. Cyclothymic disorder B. Depression C. Mania D. Dysthymic disorder
B.
A less disabling form of unipolar depression is known as: A. manic disorder B. bipolar disorder C. dysthymic disorder D. mild depression
C.
Aaron Beck believes that ___ contribute(s) to the development of depression. A. symbolic loss B. internal conflicts C. maladaptive attitudes D. reduction in positive rewards
C.
According to the DSM-5, a major depressive episode is a period marked by at least ___ symptoms of depression and lasting for ___ weeks or more. A. six; two B. five; three C. five; two D. six; six
C.
Concerning whether a predisposition to depression is inherited, researchers have found that as many as ___ percent of the relatives of those with unipolar depression are depressed. A. 10 B. 25 C. 20 D. 15
C.
Freud proposed the concept of ___, in which other kinds of events are equated with loss of a loved one. A. projection B. object relations C. symbolic loss D. delusion
C.
How effective is psychotherapy alone as a treatment for bipolar disorder? A. mildly effective B. not at all effective C. rarely effective D. almost always effective
C.
Low ___ activity accompanied by high ___ activity may lead to maniA. A. norepinephrine; serotonin B. serotonin; lithium C. serotonin; norepinephrine D. dopamine; serotonin
C.
Some theorists believe that improper transport of ___ may cause neurons to fire too easily, resulting in mania. A. norepinephrine B. cortisol C. sodium ions D. calcium ions
C.
The ___ theory holds that men and women are equally prone to depression but that clinicians fail to detect depression in men. A. societal pressure B. self-blame C. artifact D. lack-of-control
C.
The ___ theory holds that women and men are equally prone to depression but that clinicians often fail to detect depression in men. A. lack-of-control B. body dissatisfaction C. artifact D. life stress
C.
The risk of relapse is ___ times greater if patients stop taking a mood stabilizer. A. 38 B. 58 C. 28 D. 48
C.
Unlike unipolar depression, bipolar disorders appear to be best explained by focusing largely on: A. sociocultural factors B. cognitive factors C. biological factors D. psychodynamic factors
C.
What is the most commonly seen relationship between the frequency of depressive and manic episodes in a person with bipolar I disorder? A. Every depressive episode always occurs immediately after a manic episode. B. The manic episodes occur twice as often as the depressive episodes C. Most individuals experience an alternation of the episodes: for example, weeks of mania might be followed by a period of wellness followed by an episode of depression. D. The manic episodes only occur when medication is taken to relieve a depressive episode.
C.
Which does not describe a person experiencing mania? A. getting little sleep B. seeking constant excitement C. feeling pessimistic D. euphoric joy
C.
Which group of Americans is most likely to be prescribed antidepressant medications during the early stages of treatment? A. Native Americans B. Hispanic Americans C. White Americans D. Asian Americans
C.
Which of the following symptoms pairs denotes a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder? A. dysthymic symptoms and mania B. hypomania and depression C. mania and depression D. dysthymic symptoms and hypomania
C.
Women are ___ as likely as men to experience episodes of severe unipolar depression. A. four times B. five times C. twice D. three times
C.
___ is credited with developing the learned helplessness theory od depression. A. Aaron Beck B. Albert Ellis C. Martin Seligman D. Rene Spitz
C.
According to Beck, individuals repeatedly interpret their experiences, themselves, and their futures in negative ways that lead them to feel depressed. He calls this the cognitive: A. tripod B. triple threat C. triad D. triangle
C>
According to Peter Lewinsohn, which types of rewards are particularly important in the downward spiral of depression? A. self-provided rewards B. family rewards C. monetary rewards D. social rewards
D.
Clinicians typically keep patients on tricyclics for five months or more after being free of depressive symptoms in a practice called ___ therapy. A. extended B. continuation C. acute D. maintenance
D.
Despite common misperception that depression is an incurable illness, research suggests that ___% of people recover, some without treatment. A. 30 B. 45 C. 70 D. 85
D.
Maladaptive thoughts about all but which of the following make up the cognitive triad? A. self B. experiences C. the future D. the past
D.
Patients sometimes stop taking their mood stabilizing drugs. What is NOT a reason for this? A. The miss the euphoria felt during manic episodes. B. They are bothered by the drugs' unwanted effects. C. They feel too well to recognize the need for the drugs. D. They want to avoid addiction to the drugs.
D.
Patients who suffer from double depression have which of the following patterns of symptoms? A. They have both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression at the same time B. They suffer from more than on episode of unipolar depression within a 12-month period C. They suffer from both bipolar I and bipolar II disorder at the same time D. They suffer from dysthymic disorder, and this leads to a diagnosis of major depressive disorder
D.
Research has found a link between ___ and creative thinking and greater productivity. This was demonstrated by your Author in the discussion of composer Robert Schumann. A. bipolar disorder B. unipolar depression C. dysthymia D. hypomania
D.
Structural abnormalities have been noted in all but which of the following brain parts of people suffering from bipolar disorder? A. the amygdala B. the hippocampus C. the prefrontal cortex D. the reticular inhibition system
D.
This is a low, sad state marked by a lack of energy, low self-worth, guilt or related symptoms. A. mania B. cyclothymia C. dysthymia D. depression
D.
Which of the following is not a way of categorizing unipolar depression? A. postpartum B. melancholic C. recurrent D. rapid cycling
D.
Which theory holds that people become depressed when they think that they no longer have control over the reinforcements in their lives and that they themselves are responsible for being helpless? A. artifact theory B. rumination theory C. body dissatisfaction explanation D. learned helplessness theory
D.
___ is the medication that first brought hope to those suffering from bipolar disorders. A. Prozac B. Imipramine C. Haldol D. Lithium
D.
According to Aaron Beck, maladaptive attitudes lead people to view themselves, their world, and their future in negative ways - the so called cognitive triad. Such biased views combine with illogical thinking to produce ___ thoughts, unrelentingly negative thoughts that flood the mind and produce the symptoms of depression.
automatic
Depressed, Axel experiences ___ thoughts, a steady train of unpleasant thoughts that keep suggesting to him that he is inadequate and that his situation is hopeless.
automatic
___ is a metallic element that occurs in nature as a mineral salt and is an effective treatment for bipolar disorders.
lithium
Activity of the neurotransmitter ___ is higher in persons with mania than persons with depression.
norepinephrine
Activity of the neurotransmitter ___ is lower in participants with mania.
serotonin
