Chapter 6 Reading Guide

Which of the following statements best describes an effective spelling program for early literacy?

a program in which teachers help children explore and understand the patterns and useful generalizations about the relationships within and between words

When students have mastered the basic principles of English orthography, we say they have arrived at the

conventional spelling stage

What can be said about the relationship among reading, writing, and spelling?

development in spelling generally coincides with advances in both reading and writing

Which strategy would be most effective in helping six year olds to write messages on their own?

encourage invented spelling

In general, students are ? in their use of the patterns they devise in their experimental spelling

remarkably consistent

The matching of letters and letter-combinations with sounds is called

sound mapping

Word hunts, word-building activities, and labeling pictures are all good activities to use at the early phonetic/early letter name stage to reinforce

sound/symbol correspondence

If children can tell if a word they have spelled "looks right", we can say that child has developed a

spelling consciousness

In order to write their words in context, students must be taught a ? for what to do when they cannot spell a word

strategy

What is the name of the initial stage of spelling development that occurs at about the time the child learns the alphabet and discovers that words are composed of letters?

the precommunicative stage

When children have become aware of the left-to-right orientation of the English language and understand the alphabetic principle, we can say they are in which stage of developmental spelling?

the prephonetic, or preliterate stage

Which of the following is a good reason for using contract spelling with advanced spellers?

-children who select their own words have an investment in their own learning -if chosen from their writing needs, children see the purpose of their spelling lists -the motivation to succeed is heightened

Why is encouraging children to use experimental spelling a positive practice for beginning writers?

-observations of experimental spellings can tell teachers a good deal about the child's knowledge of sound/spelling relationships -attempting to sound out words offers the child important opportunities to experiment with sound/spelling relationships -coupling experimentation with systematic instruction in the visual patterns of our language will help children learn to spell correctly

Systematic instruction in which of the following has been found to create more efficient spellers?

-sound segmentation -sound/symbol association -spelling patterns

Which of the following is the best definition of a spelling "consciousness"?

an ability to tell if a spelled out word "looks right"

With guidance, students will soon discover that all 44 or so ? in the English language can be represented by letters or groups of letters

phonemes

Which of the following is a true statement regarding an effective spelling program?

whenever possible, children should be involved in spelling the same words they are learning to read

Which of these describes the best way to teach spelling?

within the context of meaningful language experiences

Which of the following is an appropriate activity for children at the early phonetic/early letter name stage of spelling development?

word building

When student are going around the room searching for words that contain a sound or letter pattern that has just been studied, they are engaging in

word hunts

According to recent research, student's ? is also supported by proficiency in spelling

writing