Chapter 6 Review
P wave
primary wave; the fastest wave generated by an earthquake and the first to be recorded by a seismograph
tension
stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object
Intensity
the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude
Epicenter
the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
buoyant force
the upward force that keeps an object immersed in or floating on a fluid
surface waves
travel along the Earth's surface away from the epicenter
strain
A condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon
Stress
A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
transform boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
Richter scale
A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves.
convergent boundary
A tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other.
Seismometer
Instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake.
magnitude
Measure of the energy released during an earthquake
S waves
Secondary waves, shearing waves (vertical or horizontal) move up/down, doesn't move through liquid
Compression
Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
divergent boundary
The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
focus
The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake
earthquake
a movement or trembling of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks along a fault move
shear
force directed parallel to a surface