Science test 10/18/18
Some processes that occur in a cell are listed below. A. utilize energy B. detect changes in the environment C. rearrange and synthesize chemical compounds Which processes will all living organisms use to maintain homeostasis?
A,B, and C
the energy demands of a cell or organism are met as a result of interactions between several life functions. Identify two life functions involved in meeting the energy demands of a cell or an organism and explain how these two life functions interact to make energy available
Digestion, Respiration, Transport, photosynthesis
Two life functions preformed by all living organisms are nutrition and respiration. Say 2 other functions and there purpose.
Function: Circulation Explanation: moves essential materials through the cell or organism Function: Excretion Explanation: what gets rid of potentially harmful waste
Which observation could lead to the conclusion that an object is nonliving?
It cannot perform metabolic processes.
The life function of transport in an organism directly involves those activities used to
absorb and distribute materials
Which term best describes a solution with a pH of 5?
acidic
The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine
amino acids
In the diagram below, X represents a process that causes a protein to unfold and stop functioning. Process X is most likely caused by
an internal factor in the body, such as a temperature increase
Shrimp that live in the cold waters off Alaska will die if introduced into warm water. One likely reason these shrimp do not survive is that enzymes in the shrimp
change shape
Which phrase best describes cellular respiration, a process that occurs continuously in the cells of organisms?
changing of stored chemical energy in food molecules to a form usable by organisms
Base your answer to the question on the information and graphs below and on your knowledge of biology. The graphs show the relative enzymatic activity of four different enzymes in acidic (below pH 7) and basic (above pH 7) environments. The activity of which enzyme decreases in both acidic and basic environments?
chymotrypsin
The kidney is an organ that collects wastes and excess water from the blood and sends them to the bladder where they are stored before being removed from the body. Which two systems work together to perform this function?
circulatory and excretory
In humans, the maintenance of a stable internal temperature is a direct result of
detection of and reaction to stimuli in the environment
The diagram below represents a process that occurs in human systems. This process is known as
digestion
Which system is correctly paired with its function? immune system—intake and distribution of oxygen to cells of the body excretory system—remove potentially dangerous materials from the body digestive system—transport energy-rich molecules to cells circulatory system—produce building blocks of complex compounds
excretory system—remove potentially dangerous materials from the body
The shape of a protein molecule directly determines its
functions inside and outside of cells
Organisms undergo constant chemical changes as they maintain an internal balance known as
homeostasis
Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a portion of a starch molecule. The energy in this molecule is stored
in the bonds between atoms
Base your answer to the question on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology. The Enzyme Catalase Catalase is an enzyme found in nearly all living organisms that breathe or are exposed to oxygen. According to recent scientific studies, low levels of catalase may play a role in the graying process of human hair. The body naturally produces hydrogen peroxide, and catalase breaks it down into water and oxygen. If there is a dip in catalase levels, hydrogen peroxide cannot be broken down. This causes hydrogen peroxide to bleach hair from the inside out. Scientists believe this finding may someday be used in anti-graying treatments for hair. A pharmaceutical company, investigating ways to prevent hair from turning gray, took tissue samples from two different individuals. Both individuals were the same age. Each of the samples was placed in a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The volume of oxygen gas produced was measured every 5 minutes for 25 minutes. The data the company collected are shown below. If the temperature of the tissue samples used in the experiment had been raised from 37°C (body temperature) to 50°C, the results would have been different because
increasing temperatures altered the structure of catalase, decreasing oxygen production
One characteristic of all living things is that they
maintain internal stability
When the human body is responding to stress, the hormone adrenaline is released. A short time later, the body returns to normal. This is an example of how a human
maintains dynamic equilibrium
The breathing rate, heart rate, and blood hormone levels of an individual would directly provide information about that individual's
metabolic activity
Excretion is best described as the removal of
metabolic wastes from a cell
Which term includes all the activities required to keep an organism alive?
metabolism
The ability to grow in size is a characteristic of living organisms. Although an icicle may grow in size over time, it is considered nonliving because there is
no metabolic activity present
Proteins, starch, and DNA are similar in that they are all
organic compounds
Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block? Row Food Molecule Building Block starch amino acid sugar starch amino acid sugar
protein = amino acid
Organic compounds are used as building blocks for
proteins, starches, and fats
Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the
sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein
Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a portion of a starch molecule. The building blocks for this molecule are
simple sugars
A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the
specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction
The major role of carbohydrates in the human diet is to
supply energy for the body
Small molecules are combined to form large molecules by the life function of
synthesis
____________ is the process by which simple materials are chemically combined to form more complex materials.
synthesis
The diagram below shows cell A completing a life process. Cell A performs functions similar to the tissues and systems in complex, multi-cellular organisms. This process results in
the maintenance of homeostasis
The graph below represents the effect of pH on three different enzymes at normal body temperature. The graph illustrates that enzymes 1, 2, and 3
work best at different pH levels