Science test 10/18/18

Some processes that occur in a cell are listed below. A. utilize energy B. detect changes in the environment C. rearrange and synthesize chemical compounds Which processes will all living organisms use to maintain homeostasis?

A,B, and C

the energy demands of a cell or organism are met as a result of interactions between several life functions. Identify two life functions involved in meeting the energy demands of a cell or an organism and explain how these two life functions interact to make energy available

Digestion, Respiration, Transport, photosynthesis

Two life functions preformed by all living organisms are nutrition and respiration. Say 2 other functions and there purpose.

Function: Circulation Explanation: moves essential materials through the cell or organism Function: Excretion Explanation: what gets rid of potentially harmful waste

Which observation could lead to the conclusion that an object is nonliving?

It cannot perform metabolic processes.

The life function of transport in an organism directly involves those activities used to

absorb and distribute materials

Which term best describes a solution with a pH of 5?

acidic

The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine

amino acids

In the diagram below, X represents a process that causes a protein to unfold and stop functioning. Process X is most likely caused by

an internal factor in the body, such as a temperature increase

Shrimp that live in the cold waters off Alaska will die if introduced into warm water. One likely reason these shrimp do not survive is that enzymes in the shrimp

change shape

Which phrase best describes cellular respiration, a process that occurs continuously in the cells of organisms?

changing of stored chemical energy in food molecules to a form usable by organisms

Base your answer to the question on the information and graphs below and on your knowledge of biology. The graphs show the relative enzymatic activity of four different enzymes in acidic (below pH 7) and basic (above pH 7) environments. The activity of which enzyme decreases in both acidic and basic environments?

chymotrypsin

The kidney is an organ that collects wastes and excess water from the blood and sends them to the bladder where they are stored before being removed from the body. Which two systems work together to perform this function?

circulatory and excretory

In humans, the maintenance of a stable internal temperature is a direct result of

detection of and reaction to stimuli in the environment

The diagram below represents a process that occurs in human systems. This process is known as

digestion

Which system is correctly paired with its function? immune system—intake and distribution of oxygen to cells of the body excretory system—remove potentially dangerous materials from the body digestive system—transport energy-rich molecules to cells circulatory system—produce building blocks of complex compounds

excretory system—remove potentially dangerous materials from the body

The shape of a protein molecule directly determines its

functions inside and outside of cells

Organisms undergo constant chemical changes as they maintain an internal balance known as

homeostasis

Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a portion of a starch molecule. The energy in this molecule is stored

in the bonds between atoms

Base your answer to the question on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology. The Enzyme Catalase Catalase is an enzyme found in nearly all living organisms that breathe or are exposed to oxygen. According to recent scientific studies, low levels of catalase may play a role in the graying process of human hair. The body naturally produces hydrogen peroxide, and catalase breaks it down into water and oxygen. If there is a dip in catalase levels, hydrogen peroxide cannot be broken down. This causes hydrogen peroxide to bleach hair from the inside out. Scientists believe this finding may someday be used in anti-graying treatments for hair. A pharmaceutical company, investigating ways to prevent hair from turning gray, took tissue samples from two different individuals. Both individuals were the same age. Each of the samples was placed in a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The volume of oxygen gas produced was measured every 5 minutes for 25 minutes. The data the company collected are shown below. If the temperature of the tissue samples used in the experiment had been raised from 37°C (body temperature) to 50°C, the results would have been different because

increasing temperatures altered the structure of catalase, decreasing oxygen production

One characteristic of all living things is that they

maintain internal stability

When the human body is responding to stress, the hormone adrenaline is released. A short time later, the body returns to normal. This is an example of how a human

maintains dynamic equilibrium

The breathing rate, heart rate, and blood hormone levels of an individual would directly provide information about that individual's

metabolic activity

Excretion is best described as the removal of

metabolic wastes from a cell

Which term includes all the activities required to keep an organism alive?

metabolism

The ability to grow in size is a characteristic of living organisms. Although an icicle may grow in size over time, it is considered nonliving because there is

no metabolic activity present

Proteins, starch, and DNA are similar in that they are all

organic compounds

Which row in the chart below correctly pairs a food molecule with its building block? Row Food Molecule Building Block starch amino acid sugar starch amino acid sugar

protein = amino acid

Organic compounds are used as building blocks for

proteins, starches, and fats

Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the

sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein

Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a portion of a starch molecule. The building blocks for this molecule are

simple sugars

A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the

specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction

The major role of carbohydrates in the human diet is to

supply energy for the body

Small molecules are combined to form large molecules by the life function of

synthesis

____________ is the process by which simple materials are chemically combined to form more complex materials.

synthesis

The diagram below shows cell A completing a life process. Cell A performs functions similar to the tissues and systems in complex, multi-cellular organisms. This process results in

the maintenance of homeostasis

The graph below represents the effect of pH on three different enzymes at normal body temperature. The graph illustrates that enzymes 1, 2, and 3

work best at different pH levels