Chapter 6 Sociology quizzes
Which of the following is one of the principles of Ritzer's McDonaldization thesis? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY) A.control B.efficiency C.predictability D. uniqueness
-control -efficiency -predictability
Which of the following is a characteristic of bureaucracy? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY) A. specialized jobs B. rules and regulations C. hierarchy positions D. a personal approach
-rules and regulations -hierarchy positions
Which of the following is an example of a primary group? A.students attending a large university B.neighbors assembled at a monthly neighborhood picnic C.people from Detroit attending a football game at their city stadium D.high school graduates
.neighbors assembled at a monthly neighborhood picnic
Which of the following groups is an example of a dyad? A.a U.S. marriage B.a book club C.a Sunday school class D.a family of four
A U.S marriage
__________ refers to an organization's rules and regulations becoming an end in themselves, so much so that they interfere with accomplishing the organization's goals. A.Bureaucratic inertia B.Coercive bureaucracy C.Bureaucratic intervention D.Bureaucratic ritualism
Bureaucratic ritualism
Soldiers, women, college graduates, and homeowners are each an example of a A.crowd B. group C.category
Category
_____ are the groups "we" belong to and _______ are the groups "they" belong to. A.dyads; triads B.In-groups; out-groups C.Out-groups; in-groups D.laissez-faire; authoritarian
In-groups; out-groups
The use of a shock generator to study obedience to authority was the foundation of research by __________.
Stanley Milgram
Today's postindustrial economy has created highly skilled, creative work as well as __________.
a great deal of service work that requires far less skill
Which type of leader focuses on instrumental concerns and takes personal charge of decision making? A.democratic B.laissez-faire C.expressive D.authoritarian
authoritarian
The Federal Emergency Management Agency's response to Hurricane Katrina, in which following bureaucratic rules seemed to be more important than helping people in need, is an example of __________.
bureaucratic inefficiency
Roman Catholics are correctly considered to be an example of a __________. A.group B.category C.cohort D.crowd
category
A problem with groupthink for getting a job done is that it often results in __________.
conforming, leading to a narrow view of an issue
Organizational environment refers to __________.
factors outside an organization that affect its operation
Organizational environment refers to __________. A.factors outside an organization that affect its operation B.internal factors that make an organization productive C.how employees of an organization are valued D.the type of leadership an organization has
factors outside an organization that affect its operation
A __________ is an example of a primary group.
family residing at home together
When organizations spread creative problem solving throughout the workforce, the result is __________. A.less flexibility B.fewer levels in the chain of command C.placing all power in a small number of leaders D.a more pyramid-like shape to the organization
fewer levels in the chain of command
Many of the better jobs involving creativity in the information age are characterized by __________. A.a strongly hierarchical organization B.work guided by rigid rules C.greater flexibility D.producing things rather than services
greater flexibility
Solomon Asch's line-matching research demonstrated the dynamics of __________. A.group conformity B.visual perception C.obedience to authority D.group leadership
group conformity
Ritzer's "McDonaldization of society" refers to _____. A.how the organizational principles that underlie McDonald's are coming to dominate our entire society B.how obesity has become a major social problem in the Western world C.how people in the U.S. eat too much fast food D.how creative company owners have become in marketing their products
how the organizational principles that underlie McDonald's are coming to dominate our entire society
Scientific management was developed to __________.
increase the productive efficiency of businesses
"Quality circles" in Japanese work organizations serve to __________.
involve workers in discussing decisions that affect them
The McDonaldization thesis states that rational organization __________. A.is the most reasonable way to solve modern problems B.is not relevant today C.is coming to define our entire way of life, for better or worse D.enhances our quality of life
is coming to define our entire way of life, for better or worse
The policies of Japanese organizations, especially in the 1980s, encouraged more __________ than did the policies of organizations in the United States.
loyalty and cooperation
Which of the following is a trait of a primary group? A.Members pursue a specific goal B.members share lasting relationships C.is large and impersonal D.most are strangers
members share lasting relationships
which of the following is a trait of a primary group? A.most are strangers B.members pursue a specific goal C.is large and impersonal D.members share lasting relationships
members share lasting relationships
The Red Cross and the League of Women Voters are examples of which type of organization?
normative organizations
The concept __________ refers to the rule of the many by the few. A.dyad B.bureaucracy C.primary group D.oligarchy
oligarchy
Factors that affect an organization's operation, such as declining regional population or a new state governor, taken together, are called the __________.
organizational environment
Which of the following is an example of how today's organizations differ from those of a century ago? A.there is less flexibility today B.organizations are taking on a flatter shape C.there is less creative freedom today
organizations are taking on a flatter shape
The principles of scientific management suggest that operational control over the workplace should reside with __________. A.owners and executives B.government officials C.customers and other external stakeholders D.the workers
owners and executives
George Ritzer echoes Max Weber when he states that "the ultimate irrationality of McDonaldization" is that __________. A.people could lose control of the system and end up being controlled by it B.standardization limits productivity C.leaders' control is not absolute D.the size of the system cannot sustain itself
people could lose control of the system and end up being controlled by it
Bureaucracies usually take the form of a(n) __________. A.web, with many cross-functional areas B.inverted pyramid, with many people at the top and few at the bottom C.pyramid, with few people at the top and many at the bottom D.rectangle or square, with approximately the same number of people on top as at the bottom
pyramid, with few people at the top and many at the bottom
In a group of four people, how many social relationships link the members?
six
Which cluster of traits did Max Weber link to bureaucracy?
specialization, hierarchy, and technical competence
For whom would a residential boarding school be most like a coercive organization?
the students
Robert Michels's "iron law of oligarchy" refers to __________.
the typical pyramid shape by which few people lead in a bureaucracy
Robert Michels's "iron law of oligarchy" refers to __________. A.the typical pyramid shape by which few people lead in a bureaucracy B.the tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves C.a bureaucracy's tendency to focus on rules and regulations to the point of undermining its original goals D.the application of scientific principles to the operation of an organization
the typical pyramid shape by which few people lead in a bureaucracy
A social group is defined as __________.
two or more people who identify with and interact with one another
Secondary relationships typically involve __________.
weak emotional ties
