Chapter 6 Test
Know the periodic table geography by labeling each group
1A - hydrogen/alkali metals 2A - alkaline earth metals transition metals 3A - aluminum group 4A - carbon group 5A - nitrogen group 6A - oxygen group 7A - halogen group 8A - noble gases inner transition metals - lanthanoids and actinoids representative elements - 1A - 7A
Define "group" and "period"
Group (family) - up and down columns Period - left to right rows
Be able to define the following terms: ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, atomic size, ionic size, metallic and nonmetallic character
IE - amount of energy needed to remove outermost electron *noble gasses have extremely high IE* EA - energy change that occurs when an electron is added *noble gases have no EA* EN - ability for an atom to attract an electron *noble gases has no EN* AS - distance from nucleus to outermost electron IS - size of an atom once it has become an ion cations = positively charged = metals =smaller than normal atoms anions = negatively charged = nonmetals = bigger than normal atom MC - refers to how much an element behaves with the properties of a metal NMC - refers to how much an electron behaves with the properties of a nonmetal
Describe the contributions of the following scientists had in developing the modern periodic table: newlands, dobereiner, meyer, dmitri mendeleev, and henry moseley
Newlands - "law of octaves" in every eight elements the properties are repeated Dobereiner - "triads" have similar chemical and orderly physical properties Meyer - arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass Mendeleev - "father of the periodic table" Moseley - arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number
Describe and explain the groups and periodic trends in atomic size, ionization energy, electron affinity, ionic size, and electronegativity
Upper right - IE, EA, EN, NMC Lower left - AS, MC
Describe the properties of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
metals - good conductors, mostly solid @ room temp., mallable, and ductile nonmetals - bad conductors, solid, liquid, or gas semimetals - semi-condutors, solids @ room temp. noble gases - don't react, gases @ room temp.
Locate the metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
metals - left of the zig zag line metalloids - 5 on top and 2 below the zig zag line (B, Si, As, Te, At, Ge, Sb) nonmetals - right of the zig zap line
Be able to arrange the elements in order of increasing and/or decreasing for each of the periodic trends
must use < or >
Describe the arrangement of elements on the periodic table (how are they arranged today and what's the deal with properties)
the elements today are arranged by increasing atomic number and the groups have the same properties
Define "valence" electrons and their relationship with the periodic table
valence electrons - the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom based on an element's location on the periodic table, the number of valence can be predicted *1A-8A only*
