Chapter 6 The Skeletal System

An accessory structure of a joint that subdivides a synovial cavity, channels the flow of synovial fluid, or allows for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces is a A) ligament. B) bursa. C) meniscus. D) fat pad. E) tendon.

C meniscus

A movement that turns the sole of the foot inward is an example of A) elevation. B) opposition. C) inversion. D) protraction. E) none of the above

C inversion

Layers of bone are referred to as A) osteons. B) canaliculi. C) lamellae. D) osteoclasts. E) central canals.

C lamellae

The bones that form the palms of the hands are the A) carpals. B) tarsals. C) metacarpals. D) metatarsals. E) phalanges.

C metacarpals

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the) A) matrix. B) osteon. C) periosteum. D) endosteum. E) none of the above

C periosteum

An exaggerated lateral curvature is termed A) kyphosis. B) lordosis. C) scoliosis. D) gomphosis. E) none of the above

C scoliosis

The ________ of the radius assists in the stabilization of the wrist joint. A) olecranon process B) coronoid process C) styloid process D) radial tuberosity E) capitulum

C styloid process

Most of the anterior surface of the scapula is formed by the A) scapulohumeral joint. B) glenoid cavity. C) subscapular fossa. D) supraspinous fossa. E) coracoid process.

C subscapular fossa

Which of the following joints permits slight movement? A) gomphosis B) suture C) syndesmosis D) synchondrosis E) synostosis

C syndesmosis

A joint that permits free movement is called a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) hinge joint. C) synovial joint. D) diarthrosis. E) amphiarthrosis.

C synovial joint

The temporomandibular joint is A) the location of the insertion of the temporalis muscle. B) the suture between the temporal and maxillary bones. C) the site of the articulation between the cranium and mandible. D) the first suture to be completely ossified in the adult skull. E) none of the above

C the site of the articulation between the cranium and mandible

Perforating canals (canals of Volkmann) A) are arranged parallel to the surface of the bone. B) are always associated with osteons in spongy bone. C) transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone. D) occur in growing juvenile bone, but are obliterated in adult bone. E) all of the above

C transmit blood vessels to osteons deep inside the bone

Which two features make up the hinge at the elbow? A) trochlea of humerus and head of the radius B) head of radius and ulnar notch C) trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna D) coronoid fossa and trochlea of humerus E) medial condyle and medial epicondyle

C trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

The most inferior portion of the sternum is called the A) manubrium. B) body. C) xiphoid process. D) sternal angle. E) sternal groove.

C xiphoid process

Which of the following is most likely to be damaged during CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)? A) styloid process B) mastoid process C) xiphoid process D) odontoid process E) transverse process

C xiphoid process

The lateral contour of the shoulder is formed by what part of the humerus? A) surgical neck B) greater tubercle C) intertubercular groove D) anatomic neck E) lesser tubercle

greater tubercle

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Blood vessels invade the perichondrium. 2. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity. 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify. 4. Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone. 5. The perichondrium is converted into periosteum, and the inner layer produces bone. The correct order for these events is A) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2 B) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 C) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2 D) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4 E) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2

A 3,1,5,4,2

A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is A) abduction. B) flexion. C) extension. D) rotation. E) gliding.

A abduction

Functions of the curves of the vertebral column include which of the following? A) accommodation of the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera B) aligning the weight of the trunk over the arms C) shifting the weight of the trunk forward D) increasing the ability to extend the limbs E) all of the above

A accommodation of the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera

Various classifications of joints are based on A) range of motion permitted. B) structural composition. C) specific type of movement. D) all of the above E) B and C only

A all of the above

One role of the fontanels is to A) allow for compression of the skull during childbirth. B) serve as ossification centers for the facial bones. C) serve as the final bony plates of the skull. D) lighten the weight of the skull bones. E) none of the above

A allow for compression of the skill during childbirth

The parietal, temporal, frontal, and occipital bones are part of (the) A) cranium. B) skull. C) facial bones. D) axial skeleton. E) none of the above

A cranium

The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates A) epiphyseal growth has ended. B) epiphyseal growth is just beginning. C) growth in bone diameter is just beginning. D) the bone is fractured at that location. E) The presence of an epiphyseal line does not indicate any particular event.

A epiphyseal growth has ended

The coronal suture is the boundary between which bones? A) frontal and parietal B) frontal and nasal C) frontal and sphenoid D) parietal and temporal E) nasal and vomer

A frontal and parietal

The patella A) is a sesamoid bone. B) is normally on the lateral aspect of the knee joint. C) is preformed in cartilage during development. D) forms part of a ball-and-socket joint. E) none of the above

A is a sesamoid bone

Which of the following curves develops as a child begins to stand and walk? A) lumbar B) thoracic C) sacral D) cervical E) cervical and sacral

A lumbar

Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include A) maintaining blood calcium levels. B) absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements. C) facilitating transmission of nerve impulses. D) cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys. E) all of the above

A maintaining blood calcium levels

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the A) mandible. B) maxillary. C) zygomatic. D) temporal. E) cribriform plate

A mandible

The clavicle articulates with the A) manubrium. B) ribs. C) humerus. D) body of the sternum. E) all of the above

A mandibrium

Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid? A) shock absorption B) increase osmotic pressure within joint C) increase friction D) produce waste E) protect bone

A shock absorption

A joint that holds skull bones together is called a A) suture. B) gomphosis. C) synchondrosis. D) synostosis. E) none of the above

A suture

A fibrous joint in which the bones are held together by an interosseous ligament is a(n) A) syndesmosis. B) suture. C) symphysis. D) diarthrosis. E) amphiarthrosis.

A syndesmosis

The jugular foramen is made from depressions of which pair of bones? A) temporal and occipital B) zygomatic and sphenoid C) temporal and sphenoid D) maxillary and zygomatic E) maxillary and temporal

A temporal and occipital

The joints that are subjected to the greatest forces would be found in A) the legs. B) the arms. C) the head. D) the shoulder. E) none of the above

A the legs

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called A) trabeculae. B) osteons. C) lamellae. D) canaliculi. E) perforating canals.

A trabeculae

Which of the following is part of the nasal septum? A) vomer bone B) zygomatic bone C) maxillary bone D) frontal bone E) sphenoid bone

A vomer bone

In the skeletal system, compact bone is located A) where bones are most heavily stressed. B) where stresses arrive from many directions. C) in a ring around the perimeter of long bones. D) in direct contact with articular cartilages. E) in all of the places listed above

A where bones are most heavily stressed

Jason fractured his pisiform bone in an accident. What part of his body is injured? A) wrist B) ankle C) leg D) skull E) shoulder

A wrist

Paranasal sinuses are located within which of the following bones? (1) frontal bone (2) sphenoid (3) ethmoid (4) maxilla (5) nasal bone A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B) 1, 2, 3, 4 C) 1, 3, 5 D) 1, 2, 3 E) 3, 4, 5

B 1,2,3,4

The coccyx is composed of ________ fused vertebrae. A) 1-2 B) 3-5 C) 6-7 D) 7-8 E) 9-11

B 3-5

The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae. A) 4 B) 5 C) 7 D) 12 E) 31

B 5

A movement away from the midline of the body is termed A) inversion. B) abduction. C) adduction. D) flexion. E) extension.

B abduction

The divisions of the skeletal system include (the) A) dorsal and ventral. B) axial and appendicular. C) proximal and distal. D) cranial, caudal, and anterior. E) none of the above

B axial and appendicular

In which of the following is rotation a permitted movement? A) hinge B) ball and socket C) saddle D) condyloid E) ellipsoidal

B ball and socket

A small, synovial-fluid-filled pocket in connective tissue, which may be connected to a joint cavity, is a A) fat pad. B) bursa. C) meniscus. D) gomphosis. E) retinaculum.

B bursa

The only fixed support for the pectoral girdle is the A) scapula. B) clavicle. C) humerus. D) sternum. E) none of the above

B clavicle

The pectoral girdle meets the axial skeleton where the A) scapula attaches on the ribs. B) clavicle attaches to the manubrium. C) humerus attaches to the rib cage. D) scapula attaches to the clavicle. E) The appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton do not touch.

B clavicle attaches to the manibrium

Organic components of the matrix of bone include A) calcium phosphate. B) collagen fibers. C) calcium carbonate. D) all of the above E) A and B only

B collagen fibers

The depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus is the A) olecranon fossa. B) coronoid fossa. C) intercondylar fossa. D) intertubercular groove. E) none of the above

B coronoid fossa

The bony structure of the orbit is composed of which of the following? A) maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, and palatine only B) ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine C) zygomatic, nasal, frontal, and sphenoid only D) zygomatic, nasal, frontal, sphenoid, palatine, lacrimal, and temporal E) none of the above

B ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine

The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called a A) meniscus. B) joint capsule. C) synovial membrane. D) bursa. E) none of the above

B joint capsule

The bones of the limbs are classified as A) short bones. B) long bones. C) flat bones. D) sesamoid bones. E) irregular bones.

B long bones

The point of attachment for muscles that extend and rotate the head is the A) styloid process. B) mastoid process. C) posterior clinoid process. D) articular tubercle. E) inion.

B mastoid process

The arches of the foot are supported by (the) A) metacarpal bones. B) metatarsal bones. C) carpal bones. D) tarsal bones. E) all of the above

B metatarsal bones

Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is A) less strongly anchored to the axial skeleton. B) more robust, adapted for weight bearing. C) composed of more separate bones. D) more flexible and freely movable. E) none of the above

B more robust, adapted for weight bearing

The special movement of the thumb that allows it to grasp an object and hold onto it is called A) rotation. B) opposition. C) circumduction. D) eversion. E) retraction.

B opposition

Structural characteristics of the pectoral girdle that adapt it to a wide range of movement include A) heavy bones. B) relatively weak joints. C) limited range of motion at the shoulder joint. D) joints stabilized by ligaments and tendons. E) all of the above

B relatively weak joints

A compound fracture A) is caused by an underlying pathology. B) results in bone breaking the skin. C) is a type of incomplete fracture. D) never happens. E) is also called a greenstick fracture.

B results in bone breaking the skin

The pituitary gland is located in the A) cribriform plate. B) sella turcica. C) sphenoid sinus. D) glenoid fossa. E) hypophysis.

B sella turcica

The long, skinny process near the external auditory meatus is the A) mastoid process. B) styloid process. C) occipital condyle. D) condyloid process. E) temporal process.

B styloid process

The corners of the scapula include (the) A) superior angle, medial angle, and lateral angle. B) superior angle, inferior angle, and lateral angle. C) inferior angle, lateral angle, and axillary angle. D) inferior angle, medial angle, and vertebral angle. E) none of the above

B superior angle, inferior angle, and lateral angle

Which of the following joints is located on the skull? A) pivot B) suture C) ball and socket D) hinge E) gliding

B suture

Skull bones are joined by tight connections called A) discs. B) sutures. C) marrow. D) sinuses. E) lamellae.

B sutures

The pelvic girdle consists of A) the hip bones and the sacrum. B) the ilium, ischium, and pubis. C) the ala, ilium, and femur. D) the acetabulum, femoral head, and pubis. E) all of the bones in A and C as well as the sacrum

B the ilium, ischium, and pubis

The ribs articulate with A) the spinous processes of the vertebrae. B) the transverse processes of the vertebrae. C) the laminae of the vertebrae. D) the pedicles of the vertebrae. E) both A and B

B the transverse process of the vertebrae

Costal processes are located on ________ vertebrae. A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) sacral E) coccygeal

B thoracic

Ribs that join the sternum directly are called ________ ribs. A) false B) true C) floating D) broken E) sternal Answer: B

B true

The appendicular skeleton contains ________ bones. A) 80 B) 206 C) 126 D) 64 E) 62

C 126

The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae. A) 4 B) 5 C) 7 D) 12 E) 31

C 7

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of A) adipose tissue. B) new bone. C) blood cells. D) osteoblasts. E) both C and D

C blood cells

The pectoral girdle consists of the A) clavicle and humerus. B) clavicle, scapula, and humerus. C) clavicle and scapula. D) clavicle, scapula, and sternum. E) scapula and humerus.

C clavicle and scapula

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following? A) neural tissue B) muscle tissue C) connective tissue D) epithelial tissue E) none of the above

C connective tissue

Which of the following is a step in intramembranous ossification? A) Hyaline cartilage model forms. B) Periosteum forms a collar around the cartilage. C) Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue. D) Osteoblasts deposit bone in areas of cartilage loss. E) none of the above; all are part of endochondral ossification

C fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue

The joints between the phalanges are classified as A) sutures. B) condyloid. C) hinges. D) gomphosis. E) none of the above

C hinges

The trochlea is a part of the A) scapula. B) ulna. C) humerus. D) radius. E) clavicle.

C humerus

Which of the following make up most of the bone tissue? A) cells B) protein fibers C) hydroxyapatite crystals D) osteons E) polysaccharides

C hydroxyapatite crystals

The bones of the pelvis A) are bones of the axial skeleton only. B) are bones of the appendicular skeleton only. C) include both axial and appendicular elements. D) include two prominent sesamoid bones. E) both B and D

C include both axial and appendicular elements

The hormone calcitonin functions to A) stimulate osteoclast activity. B) decrease the rate of calcium excretion. C) increase the rate of bone deposition. D) decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood. E) all of the above

C increase the rate of bone deposition

Humans have ________ pairs of ribs. A) 2 B) 6 C) 10 D) 12 E) 24

D 12

Structural characteristics of the pelvic girdle that adapt it to the role of bearing the weight of the body include A) heavy bones. B) strong and stable joints. C) a high degree of flexibility at the hip joint. D) A and B only E) all of the above

D a and b only

The socket that receives the head of the femur is the A) glenoid cavity. B) popliteal fossa. C) cubital fossa. D) acetabulum. E) sciatic notch.

D acetabulum

Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has A) an enlarged pelvic outlet. B) a wider, more circular pelvic inlet. C) a broader pubic arch. D) all of the above E) A and C only

D all of the above

Coxal bones include the A) pubis. B) ischium. C) ilium. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D all of the above

In addition to osseous tissue, a typical bone contains A) other connective tissues. B) smooth muscle tissues (in blood vessel walls). C) neural tissues. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D all of the above

The structure of the hip bone that can easily be felt on the front of the hip is the A) ischial spine. B) pectineal line. C) acetabulum. D) anterior superior iliac spine. E) sciatic notch.

D anterior superior iliac spine

Bones within the temporal bone that are important to hearing are called A) acoustic bones. B) external acoustic meatus. C) internal acoustic meatus. D) auditory ossicles. E) none of the above

D auditory ossicles

The atlas is classified as a ________ vertebra. A) thoracic B) lumbar C) sacral D) cervical E) none of the above

D cervical

Circular motion is called A) flexion. B) adduction. C) extension. D) circumduction. E) none of the above

D circumduction

The smooth, rounded, or oval articular process of a bone is termed a A) crest. B) ridge. C) head. D) condyle. E) trochlea.

D condyle

Which of the following associations is most accurate? A) synarthroses slightly movable B) amphiarthroses freely movable C) diarthroses immovable D) diarthroses synovial E) All of the above are accurate.

D diarthroses synovial

Which of the following bones contain the cribriform foramina? A) zygomatic B) maxilla C) frontal D) ethmoid E) sphenoid

D ethmoid

The largest, most complex synovial joint is the A) hip. B) shoulder. C) elbow. D) knee. E) ankle.

D knee

The lateral collateral ligament is part of which joint? A) elbow B) hip C) shoulder D) knee E) ankle

D knee

Which of the following is only found in compact bone? A) trabeculae B) canaliculi C) osteoblasts D) osteons E) marrow

D osteons

The fibula A) forms an important part of the knee joint. B) articulates with the femur. C) helps to bear the weight of the body. D) provides lateral stability to the ankle. E) is the medial bone of the leg.

D provides lateral stability to the ankle

The ankle contains ________ bones. A) two B) five C) six D) seven E) eight

D seven

The vertebral arches surround and protect the A) spinal nerves. B) cranial nerves. C) vertebrae. D) spinal cord. E) ribs.

D spinal cord

The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bone with the temporal bone is the A) lambdoidal suture. B) rostral suture. C) coronal suture. D) squamosal suture. E) sagittal suture.

D squamosal suture

The only moveable joint in the head is the A) sagittal suture. B) lambdoid suture. C) gomphosis. D) temporomandibular joint. E) none of the above

D temporomandibular joint

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton? A) the skull B) the manubrium C) the sternum D) the scapula E) the vertebrae

D the scapula

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the A) cervical and lumbar. B) cervical and thoracic. C) cervical and pelvic. D) thoracic and pelvic. E) thoracic and lumbar.

D thoracic and pelvic

Proof of the fusion of vertebrae in the sacrum is evidenced by the A) lateral sacral crest. B) medial sacral crest. C) sacral foramina. D) transverse sacral ridges. E) sacral hiatus.

D transverse sacral ridges

Which of the following bones bear teeth? A) maxillae B) mandible C) palatine bones D) all of the above E) A and B only

E a and b only

Which of the following problems might be due to injury of structures associated with the hyoid bone? A) difficulty in swallowing B) laryngitis C) soreness upon movement of the back of the tongue D) A and B E) A and C

E a and c

A synovial membrane A) surrounds the joint cavity. B) secretes synovial fluid. C) stores small amounts of adipose tissue. D) lubricates the joint. E) all of the above

E all of the above

As you proceed from the head inferiorly down the vertebral column, A) the vertebrae become larger. B) the transverse processes become shorter. C) the body of the vertebrae become heavier. D) the spinous processes become larger. E) all of the above

E all of the above

Bones of the skull that articulate with the zygomatic bone include (the) A) temporal bone. B) frontal bone. C) maxillary bone. D) sphenoid. E) all of the above.

E all of the above

Dislocations involving synovial joints are usually prevented by A) structures such as ligaments that stabilize and support the joint. B) the shape of the articulating surface. C) the presence of other bones that prevent certain movements. D) the position of muscles and fat pads that limit the degree of movement. E) all of the above

E all of the above

Features of the maxillae include A) sinuses. B) alveolar processes. C) orbital rims. D) inferior orbital foramina. E) all of the above

E all of the above

Functions of the skeletal system include A) support. B) storage. C) protection. D) blood cell production. E) all of the above

E all of the above

In intramembranous ossification, A) osteoblasts differentiate within a connective tissue. B) osteoblasts cluster together and secrete organic matrix. C) ossification occurs at the ossification center. D) only A and C E) all of the above

E all of the above

Intervertebral joints are A) amphiarthrotic. B) symphyses. C) gliding joints. D) actually made up of three separate joints. E) all of the above

E all of the above

The appendicular skeleton consists of A) the bones of the arms. B) the bones of the legs. C) the bones of the hands and feet. D) the bones that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton. E) all of the above

E all of the above

The knee joint is reinforced by A) cruciate ligaments. B) fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments. C) patellar ligaments. D) tibial (medial) collateral ligaments. E) all of the above

E all of the above

The paranasal sinuses are located in the ________ bone. A) frontal B) ethmoid C) sphenoid D) maxillary E) all of the above

E all of the above

The parathyroid hormone A) stimulates osteoclast activity. B) increases the rate of calcium absorption. C) decreases the rate of calcium excretion. D) A and C only E) all of the above

E all of the above

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? A) storage of inorganic salts B) protection of vital organs C) locomotion D) support E) all of the above

E all of the above

The bony roof of the mouth is formed by A) palatine bones. B) the vomer. C) maxillae. D) the sphenoid bone. E) both A and C

E both a and c

Typical movement at a hinge joint includes A) extension. B) rotation. C) gliding. D) flexion. E) both A and D

E both a and d

The nasal septum includes which of the following? A) vomer B) perpendicular plate of the ethmoid C) nasal bones D) inferior nasal conchae E) both A and B

E both and A and B

Most bones in the appendicular skeleton develop from A) fibrous connective tissue. B) hyaline cartilage. C) the process of intramembranous ossification. D) the process of endochondral ossification. E) both B and D

E both b and d

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is termed A) eversion. B) protraction. C) dorsiflexion. D) plantar flexion. E) inversion.

E inversion

A cleft palate is malformation of which bone? A) vomer B) ethmoid C) sphenoid D) mandible E) maxillary

E maxillary

Infection of a bone is called A) osteogenesis. B) osteoporosis. C) osteopenia. D) rickets. E) osteomyelitis.

E osteomyelitis

The radial structures in contact with the ulna include the A) ulnar notch. B) head. C) radial tuberosity. D) antebrachial joint. E) points at both A and B.

E points at both a and b

Which of the following is part of the wrist? A) navicular B) cuneiform C) calcaneus D) talus E) scaphoid

E scaphoid

The structure that houses the pituitary gland is called the A) crista galli. B) greater wing. C) lesser wing. D) dorsum sellae. E) sella turcica.

E sella turcica

Improper administration of CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) can force the ________ into the liver. A) floating ribs B) lumbar vertebrae C) manubrium of the sternum D) costal cartilage E) xiphoid process

E xiphoid process

Immature, active bone cells are termed A) osteocytes. B) stem cells. C) osteoblasts. D) osteoclasts. E) chondrocytes.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells capable of breaking down bonds are termed A) osteocytes. B) osteoblasts. C) osteoclasts. D) chondrocytes. E) osteons.

Osteoclasts