Chapter 6
tendons
the sheaths of tissue that connect bones to muscle
Intramembranous ossification and Endochondral ossification
the two osetengic pathways
compact bone
the walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard _______________
calcium ions
these ions are needed not only for bone mineralization but for tooth health, regulation of the heart rate and strength of contraction, blood coagulation contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and regulation of nerve impulse
diploe
(spongy bone) lined on either side by a layer of compact bone
Diaphysis and epiphysis
2 parts of a long bone
bones in the human body
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Bone/osseous tissue
A connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton
Skeletal system
The body system composed of bones and cartilage
Bone matrix
Acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium, and phosphorus
fracture
a broken bone
Orthopedist
a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and injuries related to the musculoskeletal system
epiphyseal plate
a layer of hyaline (transparent) cartilage growing in bone
18-21
ages when the bone stops growing
Projection
an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone
endochondral ossification
bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage
inramembranous ossification
compact of and spongy bone develops directly from sheets of mesenchymal connective tissue
Hypercalcemia
condition characterized by abnormally high levels of of calcium
hypocalcemia
condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium
yellow marrow
contains adipose tissue; the triglycerides stored in the adipocytes of the tissue can serve as a source of energy
Sponge bone (cancellous bone)
contains osteocytes housed in lacunae, but they are not arranged in concentric circles
compact bone
dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum and provides support and protection
red marrow
fills the spaces in the spongy bone
medullary cavity
hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow
hole
is an opening or groove in the bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the body
red marrow
is where hematopoiesis-the production of blood cells takes place
trabeculae
lattice-like network of matrix spikes
calcium
most abundant mineral in the body
patella
only sesamoid bone found in every person
Ossifacation
process of bone development
Cartilage
semi-rigid form of connective tissue provides flexibility and smooth surface for movement
bones
serves as a site for fat storage and blood cell production
Diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
The skeletal system:
supports the body, facilitates movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and stores and releases minerals and fat
oseoblast
the bone cell responsible for forming new bone and is found in the growing portions of bone
articulations, projections, holes
three general bone marking
closed reduction
when a broken bone is manipulated and set to its original position without surgery this is called
articulations
where two bone surfaces come together
epiphysis
wider section at each bone
calcium
without adequate ___________, blood has difficulty coagulating, the heart may skip beats or stop beating all together, muscles may have difficulty contracting, nerves may have difficulty functioning, and bones may become brittle
