Chapter 6

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tendons

the sheaths of tissue that connect bones to muscle

Intramembranous ossification and Endochondral ossification

the two osetengic pathways

compact bone

the walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard _______________

calcium ions

these ions are needed not only for bone mineralization but for tooth health, regulation of the heart rate and strength of contraction, blood coagulation contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and regulation of nerve impulse

diploe

(spongy bone) lined on either side by a layer of compact bone

Diaphysis and epiphysis

2 parts of a long bone

bones in the human body

206

Bone/osseous tissue

A connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton

Skeletal system

The body system composed of bones and cartilage

Bone matrix

Acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium, and phosphorus

fracture

a broken bone

Orthopedist

a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and injuries related to the musculoskeletal system

epiphyseal plate

a layer of hyaline (transparent) cartilage growing in bone

18-21

ages when the bone stops growing

Projection

an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone

endochondral ossification

bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage

inramembranous ossification

compact of and spongy bone develops directly from sheets of mesenchymal connective tissue

Hypercalcemia

condition characterized by abnormally high levels of of calcium

hypocalcemia

condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium

yellow marrow

contains adipose tissue; the triglycerides stored in the adipocytes of the tissue can serve as a source of energy

Sponge bone (cancellous bone)

contains osteocytes housed in lacunae, but they are not arranged in concentric circles

compact bone

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum and provides support and protection

red marrow

fills the spaces in the spongy bone

medullary cavity

hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow

hole

is an opening or groove in the bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the body

red marrow

is where hematopoiesis-the production of blood cells takes place

trabeculae

lattice-like network of matrix spikes

calcium

most abundant mineral in the body

patella

only sesamoid bone found in every person

Ossifacation

process of bone development

Cartilage

semi-rigid form of connective tissue provides flexibility and smooth surface for movement

bones

serves as a site for fat storage and blood cell production

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

The skeletal system:

supports the body, facilitates movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and stores and releases minerals and fat

oseoblast

the bone cell responsible for forming new bone and is found in the growing portions of bone

articulations, projections, holes

three general bone marking

closed reduction

when a broken bone is manipulated and set to its original position without surgery this is called

articulations

where two bone surfaces come together

epiphysis

wider section at each bone

calcium

without adequate ___________, blood has difficulty coagulating, the heart may skip beats or stop beating all together, muscles may have difficulty contracting, nerves may have difficulty functioning, and bones may become brittle


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