Chapter 6.3 Textbook Quiz

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert? boys display fear differently from girls boys display more fear than girls emotion can be a conditioned response fear cannot be a conditioned response

emotion can be a conditioned response

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________. cognition model response stimulus

model

What is the main idea of operant conditioning? Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments. Fear is a conditioned response. Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In Social Learning Theory, B. F. Skinner identified three types of models: live, verbal, and symbolic. The name "B. F. Skinner" should be changed to "Albert Bandura." The word "models" should be changed to the word "reinforcers." The words "live, verbal, and symbolic" should be changed to the words "primary, secondary, and tertiary." The words "social learning theory" should be changed to the words "classical conditioning."

The name "B. F. Skinner" should be changed to "Albert Bandura."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Spontaneous acquisition is the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response. The word "acquisition" should be changed to the word "recovery." The word "extinguished" should be changed to the word "acquired." The word "response" should be changed to the word "stimulus." The word "spontaneous" should be changed to the word "planned."

The word "acquisition" should be changed to the word "recovery."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In operant conditioning, organisms learn to associate events that repeatedly happen together. The word "conditioning" should be changed to the word "reinforcement." The word "operant" should be changed to the word "classical." The word "repeatedly" should be changed to the word "never." The word "repeatedly" should be changed to the word "rarely."

The word "operant" should be changed to the word "classical."

What is the primary conclusion John B. Watson's made after working with Little Albert? Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments. Emotions can be a conditioned response. Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

Emotions can be a conditioned response.

Which statement about Edward C. Tolman is incorrect? He disagreed with John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. He found that emotions can be a conditioned response. He placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze. His experiments demonstrated that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement.

He found that emotions can be a conditioned response.

Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is true? He is considered the founder of behaviorism. He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated. He is known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning. He placed hungry rats in a maze with no reward for finding their way through it, and he studied a comparison group that was rewarded with food at the end of the maze.

He is known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning.

Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment. It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear. John B. Watson did not have the consent of Little Albert's mother. John B. Watson falsified most of his data. Little Albert was much older than John B. Watson reported him to be, which invalidated the study.

It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear.

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment? Belinda saw Mavis receive a hug for cleaning his room. She is careful to clean her room because she saw Mavis get a reward for doing it. Jeong observes Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his carrots. Job wants to avoid being fired, so he follows the shop rules and does not smoke in the bathroom. Laurie wants to receive a smiley sticker and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she behaves herself.

Jeong observes Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his carrots.

According to Albert Bandura, ________. Fear is a conditioned response. Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say. Learning is the result of reinforcing desired behavior at fixed intervals. Organisms cannot learn if they do not receive immediate reinforcement.

Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.

What is the main idea of social learning theory? Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments. Fear is a conditioned response. Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________. after dreaming about having a fight with their parents after dreaming they were on television after seeing a television character being punished for taking violent action against another character after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

Which of the following experiments involves the use of social learning theory? blindfolding someone and timing her to see how long it takes her to determine what she is eating determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting pairing a puff of air to the eye with a handshake to see how long it will take someone to blink before offering her hand rewarding a girl for finishing her homework with ice cream and counting how much homework she will complete before becoming sick of ice cream

determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning? blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long he takes to find a button hidden in a room determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if he is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student rewarding a boy for finishing his vegetables with ice cream and counting how many nights of reinforcement are required before he voluntarily eats his vegetables

knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this? classical conditioning imitation modeling operant conditioning

operant conditioning

Which of the following is an example of latent learning? a rabbit knowing to run away from an unleashed dog earning tokens for good behavior and spending the tokens on good behavior prizes learning karate from your best friend who takes karate lessons remembering where the nearest gas station is when you unexpectedly run out of gas during your morning commute

remembering where the nearest gas station is when you unexpectedly run out of gas during your morning commute

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule? checking your Facebook account at random times throughout the day playing basketball with your friends after completing your chores playing poker taking your dog to the park every afternoon at 4:00 p.m.

taking your dog to the park every afternoon at 4:00 p.m.

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement? Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it. Lana wants to receive a candy bar and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she earns enough good behavior tokens. Park wants to avoid detention, so he follows the school rules and does not smoke on the playground. Ryan observes Cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast.

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.