Chapter 7

Osteoclasts

Cells that destroy, break down, or resorb bone tissue

Hematopoiesis

Production of blood or its cells.

Articulation

A joint; area of contact between two bones

Pelvic girdle

Attachment for the lower extremities; bones collectively shaped like a basin; ilium, ischium, pubis.

Pectoral girdle

Attachment for the upper extremities in the chest region; clavicle and scapula.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells; immature bone cells.

Axial skeleton

Bones of the head, neck, and trunk.

Appendicular skeleton

Bones that are attached to the body: upper and lower extremities

Osteogenesis

Formation of bone; also called ossification.

Diarthroses

Freely movable joints characterized by a joint cavity; also called a synovial joint; singular, diarthrosis.

Appositional growth

Growth resulting from material being deposited on the surface, such as the growth in diameter of long bones

Sutures

Immovable fibrous joints between the flat bones of the skull

Synarthroses

Immovable joinst; singular, synarthrosis

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells.

Endosteum

Membranous lining of a cavity within a bone.

Amphiarthroses

Slightly movable joints; singular, amphiarthrosis.

Osteon

Structural unit of bone; haversian system.

Epiphyseal plate

The cartilaginous plate between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a bone; responsible for the lengthwise growth of a long bone.

Epiphysis

The end of a long bone.

Diaphysis

The long straight shaft of a long bone

Epiphyseal line

The remnant of the epiphyseal plate after the cartilage calcifies and growth ceases

Articular cartilage

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of long bones in joints.

Periosteum

Tough white outer membrane that covers bone.