Chapter 7: Basics of Chemistry
Only ___________ solutions have pH
Aqueous
The building blocks of all matter
Atoms
Removes superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin line
Depilatories
Hard water may be softened by water-softening units, by adding sodium carbonate, or by
Distillation
The water used in manufacturing of cosmetics is processed by
Distilling
Physical mixtures of two immiscible liquids held together by an emulsifying agent
Emulsions
A conditioner designed for use with thermal tools
Leave-in conditioners
The oil-loving tail of a surfactant molecule is called
Lipophilic
In which state does matter have volume but no definite shape.
Liquid
Anything that occupies space, has mass, and has physical and chemical properties
Matter
An example of an emulsion is
Mayonnaise
Pure water has a pH that is
Neutral
A shampoo that helps to rebalance and restore the pH level of the hair by removing unwanted residues that remain in the Hair after chemically relaxing the hair.
Neutralizing Shampoos
The study of substances that contain the element carbon
Organic Chemistry
An element or compound combines with oxygen to produce an oxide in the chemical reaction called
Oxidation
When hydrogen peroxide is mixed with an oxidation Haircolor product, the Haircolor product gains
Oxygen
Chemical changes in the hair can be created with ________________________ because the chemical reactions of oxidation takes place.
Permanent Haircolor
Soft water comes from __________________ or chemically treated water
Rainwater
Oxidation and reduction are referred to as a
Redox reaction
A substance from which oxygen has been chemically removed is a
Reduced substance
A special type of oil that does not cause comedones
Silicones
Made by mixing plant oils or animal fats with strong alkaline substances
Soaps
Any substance that is dissolved into a solvent to form a solution is a
Solute
Dissolving a solid, liquid, or gas substance in another substance produces a
Solution
These types of mixtures are not usually transparent
Suspensions
This measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance
pH
Chemical reactions that release ____________ are called exothermic.
Heat
Minerals are what type of substances
Inorganic
The study of substances that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen
Inorganic Chemistry
A conditioner also known as rinse-out conditioners
Instant conditioners
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called an
Ion
The pH scale is known as
Logarithmic
A shampoo that contains antifungal agents to suppress the growth of malassezia
Medicated Shampoo
A conditioner formulated to help control minor dandruff and scalp conditions.
Medicated conditioners
Physical properties include
Melting and boiling points
Substances that are _________ are easy to mix together.
Miscible
What is formed when two or more atoms combine chemically in definite proportions.
Molecules
When acids and alkalis are mixed together, if they are in equal proportions, they
Neutralize each other
A compound of any element combined with oxygen
Oxide
Chemical compounds are classified as
Acids, salts, oxides, and bases
This has a pH above 7.0 and soften and swells the hair
Alkalis
An example of a pure substance is
Aluminum foil
A colorless has composed of hydrogen and nitrogen
Ammonia
Cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity
An element
A shampoo that washes away excess oiliness while keeping the hair from drying out.
Balancing shampoo
Usually water based emulsions
Cleansing lotions
Sodium chloride is an example of a
Compound molecule
An example of a physical mixture is
Concrete
A shampoo known as a mild cream shampoo that contains humectants designed to wither "lock in" moisturizing properties of the product or to draw moisture into the hair.
Conditioning Shampoos
As steam, __________ is in a gaslike state.
Water
Hydrogen peroxide solution is used as a bleaching agent for the hair on solutions of
20-40 volume
The pH of hair and skin
5.0
The percentage of the human body that is composed of water is
65percent
An ingredient in moisturizing creams that creates a barrier that allows the natural water and oil of the skin to accumulate in the tissues
A humectant
A conditioner that has a penetrating formulation that helps restore moisture and protein in the Hair
Treatment conditioners
Compound molecules are chemical combinations of how many atoms of different elements?
Two or more
A physical mixture is a combination of how many substances United physically in any proportions without a fixed composition.
Two or more substances
