Chapter 7: Basics of Chemistry

Only ___________ solutions have pH

Aqueous

The building blocks of all matter

Atoms

Removes superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin line

Depilatories

Hard water may be softened by water-softening units, by adding sodium carbonate, or by

Distillation

The water used in manufacturing of cosmetics is processed by

Distilling

Physical mixtures of two immiscible liquids held together by an emulsifying agent

Emulsions

A conditioner designed for use with thermal tools

Leave-in conditioners

The oil-loving tail of a surfactant molecule is called

Lipophilic

In which state does matter have volume but no definite shape.

Liquid

Anything that occupies space, has mass, and has physical and chemical properties

Matter

An example of an emulsion is

Mayonnaise

Pure water has a pH that is

Neutral

A shampoo that helps to rebalance and restore the pH level of the hair by removing unwanted residues that remain in the Hair after chemically relaxing the hair.

Neutralizing Shampoos

The study of substances that contain the element carbon

Organic Chemistry

An element or compound combines with oxygen to produce an oxide in the chemical reaction called

Oxidation

When hydrogen peroxide is mixed with an oxidation Haircolor product, the Haircolor product gains

Oxygen

Chemical changes in the hair can be created with ________________________ because the chemical reactions of oxidation takes place.

Permanent Haircolor

Soft water comes from __________________ or chemically treated water

Rainwater

Oxidation and reduction are referred to as a

Redox reaction

A substance from which oxygen has been chemically removed is a

Reduced substance

A special type of oil that does not cause comedones

Silicones

Made by mixing plant oils or animal fats with strong alkaline substances

Soaps

Any substance that is dissolved into a solvent to form a solution is a

Solute

Dissolving a solid, liquid, or gas substance in another substance produces a

Solution

These types of mixtures are not usually transparent

Suspensions

This measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance

pH

Chemical reactions that release ____________ are called exothermic.

Heat

Minerals are what type of substances

Inorganic

The study of substances that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen

Inorganic Chemistry

A conditioner also known as rinse-out conditioners

Instant conditioners

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called an

Ion

The pH scale is known as

Logarithmic

A shampoo that contains antifungal agents to suppress the growth of malassezia

Medicated Shampoo

A conditioner formulated to help control minor dandruff and scalp conditions.

Medicated conditioners

Physical properties include

Melting and boiling points

Substances that are _________ are easy to mix together.

Miscible

What is formed when two or more atoms combine chemically in definite proportions.

Molecules

When acids and alkalis are mixed together, if they are in equal proportions, they

Neutralize each other

A compound of any element combined with oxygen

Oxide

Chemical compounds are classified as

Acids, salts, oxides, and bases

This has a pH above 7.0 and soften and swells the hair

Alkalis

An example of a pure substance is

Aluminum foil

A colorless has composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

Ammonia

Cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity

An element

A shampoo that washes away excess oiliness while keeping the hair from drying out.

Balancing shampoo

Usually water based emulsions

Cleansing lotions

Sodium chloride is an example of a

Compound molecule

An example of a physical mixture is

Concrete

A shampoo known as a mild cream shampoo that contains humectants designed to wither "lock in" moisturizing properties of the product or to draw moisture into the hair.

Conditioning Shampoos

As steam, __________ is in a gaslike state.

Water

Hydrogen peroxide solution is used as a bleaching agent for the hair on solutions of

20-40 volume

The pH of hair and skin

5.0

The percentage of the human body that is composed of water is

65percent

An ingredient in moisturizing creams that creates a barrier that allows the natural water and oil of the skin to accumulate in the tissues

A humectant

A conditioner that has a penetrating formulation that helps restore moisture and protein in the Hair

Treatment conditioners

Compound molecules are chemical combinations of how many atoms of different elements?

Two or more

A physical mixture is a combination of how many substances United physically in any proportions without a fixed composition.

Two or more substances