Unit 4 4.2 Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus

flagella

some cells swim by using appendages called __________, which sometimes look like tiny corkscrews

T

the capsule is not essential to prokaryotic life T/F

ribosomes

complexes of RNA and proteins. Sites of protein synthesis, where the information encoded by the nucleic acids directs the sequential linking of amino acids to form proteins

peptidoglycan

the cell walls of most bacteria, but not those of archaea, contain ___________, a polymer of a carbohydrate that is linked at regular intervals to short peptides. cross linking of these peptides results in a single giant molecule that surrounds the entire cell

cytoskeleton

the collective name for filaments made up of polymers of monomer subunits that play roles in cell division or in maintaining the shapes of cells

shape

the rigidity of the cell wall supports the cell and determine the _________

constant motion

the substances in the cytoplasm are in

permeable

unlike the cell membrane, the outer membrane is relatively ____________, allowing the movement of molecules across it

Nucleoid

a region in the prokaryotic cell where the DNA is located. DNA is hereditary material that controls cell growth, maintenance and repair

attack; drying; attach

capsules help protect the bacteria from _________ by the white blood cells in the animals they infect, keep cells from _________ out, and sometimes help bacteria _________ to other cells

prokaryote structure

cell membrane encloses cell, separating its interior from the external environment, and regulates the traffic of materials into and out of the cell

cytosol

consists of mainly water containing dissolved ions, small molecules, and soluble macromolecules such as proteins

capsule

enclosing the cell wall of some bacteria is a slimy layer composed of most polysaccharides, referred to as the ________________

bacteria

in some ____________, another layer, the outer membrane, encloses the peptidoglycan layer

cell membranes, cytoplasm, ribosomes

like prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have a ________ ____________, _____________, and _____________

cell wall

most prokaryotes have a _______ _______ located outside the cell membrane

cytoplasm

rest of material inside a prokaryotic cell. Consists of a liquid component, the cytosol, and a variety of insoluble filaments and particles, the most abundant of which are ribosomes

internal membrane

some groups of bacteria carry out photosynthesis. these bacteria have an __________ ____________ system that contains molecules needed for photosynthesis