Chapter 7 (Exam 1), Chapter 6 (Exam 1), Chapter 5 (Exam 1), Chapter 4 (Exam 1), Chapter 3 (Exam 1), Chapter 2 (Exam 1), Chapter 1 (Exam 1)
Four early childhood education students are observing children in a 2-year-old preschool program. Based on the guidelines presented in your text, which student observation is the best? A. "Guillermo picks up a toy and throws it at Rodney." B. "Guillermo, obviously frustrated with Rodney, picks up a toy and throws it at Rodney." C. "Rodney aggravates Guillermo and Guillermo throws a toy at him." D. "Guillermo picks up a toy and throws it at Rodney. Guillermo's tendency towards violence has been previously noted."
A. "Guillermo picks up a toy and throws it at Rodney."
Clara has just prepared lunch for her daughter, Mary, who is playing with some toys. If she wants Mary to wash her hands and come for lunch, what should Clara say to Mary? A. "Mary, it's time for lunch. Go wash your hands. You can play with the toys after lunch." B. "Mary, do you want to go wash your hands and have lunch?" C. "Mary, wash up and come for lunch now, okay? You can play more later." D. "Mary, I think it's time to wash up for lunch."
A. "Mary, it's time for lunch. Go wash your hands. You can play with the toys after lunch."
Four-year-olds Jordan and Sonal are playing with some toy horses in the sandbox. Jordan grabs a horse from Sonal, and then Sonal tries to pull it back from Jordan. Jordan ends up throwing the horse over the fence, brushing up against Sonal as she does so. Sonal begins screaming, "Jordan took my horse and hit me!" Which teacher response is aimed at helping Sonal and Jordan recognize alternatives to solving their conflict? A. "You both want the horse. I wonder how you can solve this problem?" B. "Jordan, it looks like you took Sonal's toy away and hit her." C. "Jordan, you threw the horse over the fence, and now you don't have it." D. "Jordan, when you take the horse away from Sonal, you can't play together because she gets mad at you."
A. "You both want the horse. I wonder how you can solve this problem?"
Francesca is working on her early childhood education degree. As a part of her degree requirements, Francesca will observe a first-grade classroom for three different periods. As an observer, Francesca should do all but which of the following? A. Assist the teacher by interacting with the children when they respond to Francesca's presence. B. Make arrangements to observe ahead of time, and check in with the person in charge when she arrives. C. Write down what she sees during the observation objectively without trying to determine the children's or teacher's motives D. Pay attention to her inner responses and reactions to the observations.
A. Assist the teacher by interacting with the children when they respond to Francesca's presence.
Who has been primarily responsible for bringing the concepts and specifics of childhood stage development to the general public? A. Benjamin Spock and T. Barry Brazelton B. Arnold Gesell C. Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson D. Maria Montessori
A. Benjamin Spock and T. Barry Brazelton
Regarding the adult's role as teacher in children's play, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. In teaching a child to play, the basic goals are to get the child to begin to play with one or more children and to give her/him the skills to keep on playing. B. Since children know how to play on their own, teachers only need to provide a rich environment in which children can explore. C. Very young children can be taught the social skills necessary for play — sharing, turn taking, and empathy. D. Helping children learn how to play is a teacher's secondary goal; it can only be accomplished when there is enough time and developmentally appropriate resources are available.
A. In teaching a child to play, the basic goals are to get the child to begin to play with one or more children and to give her/him the skills to keep on playing.
Stress-related changes in cortisol affect the brain in all but which of the following ways? A. It causes an imbalance in hemispheric function. B. It allows neurons to be destroyed. C. It reduces the number of synapses in particular parts of the brain. D. With continued exposure, it can impact brain function and cause developmental delays.
A. It causes an imbalance in hemispheric function.
Each of the following preschool teachers is dealing with a three-year-old child who is biting other children on the playground. Which teacher is using the best strategy? A. Mr. Abdul removes the child from the playground and explains why he is doing so. B. Ms. Barrington bites the child lightly so s/he can see what it feels like. C. Mr. Cravey spanks the child firmly while explaining why biting is wrong. D. Ms. Dougherty reprimands the child in front of the group and then places him/her in "time out."
A. Mr. Abdul removes the child from the playground and explains why he is doing so.
Two-year-old Henry understands many more words than he is able to use himself. This reflects which of the following points about communication? A. Receptive language develops faster than expressive language. B. Expressive language develops faster than receptive language. C. Holistic listening is especially important with young children whose language skills are limited. D. Holistic listening establishes a medium for communication and opens up conversations.
A. Receptive language develops faster than expressive language.
Regarding effective communication with children, all but which of the following are recommended? A. always look children in the eye, and make certain that they maintain eye contact with you. B. Squat down so that you are at eye level with the child. C. Allow no more than one foot between you and the child for each year of the child's life. D. Reserve shouting for emergency situations only.
A. always look children in the eye, and make certain that they maintain eye contact with you.
Using the theories of Piaget, Freud, and Erikson, an 8-year-old child would best be described as: A. concrete operational, in a period of latency and dealing with issues of industry versus inferiority B. preoperational, in a phallic period, and dealing with issues of initiative versus guilt. C. concrete operational, in a period of latency and dealing with issues of trust versus mistrust D. senorimotor, in an oral period, dealing with issues of autonomy versus doubt.
A. concrete operational, in a period of latency, and dealing with issues of industry versus inferiority.
From her facial expressions and body language, it is obvious that Karyn is feeling sad. However, she forces a smile while she talks to her boyfriend. Karyn is demonstrating which problem in communication? A. incongruence B. discounting C. distraction D. antibias response
A. incongruence
At the Pikler Institute, at what age do children begin to learn cooperation and responsibility? A. infancy B. toddlerhood C. preschool D. elementary school age
A. infancy
Ralph is a teacher in a 4-year-old preschool program. Right now, he is keeping running records of what is happening as the children work on an art project together. Ralph's role is best described as A. observer. B. stage manager. C. teacher. D. encourager.
A. observer.
Four-year-old Hilary goes to a parent-participation nursery school. Hilary's educational setting is also called? A. parent cooperative preschool B. Montessori school C. parent-based kindergarten D. home-based visitor program
A. parent cooperative preschool.
Fredrico is a family day care provider who cares for Nolan, an infant with special needs. When Nolan begins crying, and Fredrico cannot figure out the source of his problem, what is the best action he can try? A. re-position Nolan B. give Nolan a pacifier C. leave Nolan in his crib to "self-calm" D. use expressive language to soothe Nolan
A. re-position Nolan
According to Magda Gerber, early childhood professionals should approach children with
An open mind.
Whose contribution to child development includes the identification of the physical milestones of children's development?
Arnold Gesell
Eight-year-old Avi has just earned 100% on a timed test of his multiplication facts. Of the following responses, which is the best for Avi's father to give? A. "Avi, you are such a good boy. I love you!" B. "Avi, you must be really proud of what you accomplished after studying so hard!" C. "Avi, see how smart you are! Great work!" D. "Avi, great job. Here is a dollar for the good work that you did!"
B. "Avi, you must be really proud of what you accomplished after studying so hard!"
During recess, four-year-old Bethany is playing with some dolls. When her classmate, Clarissa, comes up and puts one of the dolls in a carriage, Bethany screams, "Stop that. I'm playing with her." Of the following teacher responses, which one is most likely to encourage Bethany to solve this problem? A. "Bethany, be nice. Why do you always yell about every little thing?" B. "You don't want Clarissa touching the dolls?" C. "Stop that yelling. Don't fuss." D. "Come on, Bethany, Clarissa is just playing with the dolls. It's no big deal."
B. "You don't want Clarissa touching the dolls?"
According to a study reported in the text, how many preschoolers per 1,000 are expelled? A. .09 B. 2.09 C. 6.67 D. 3.51
B. 2.09
Regarding praise, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Adults should give praise for risk-taking, even when children are unsuccessful in their efforts. B. Adults should tell children "good job" frequently to help reinforce for them what they are really good at. C. Overabundant praise can cloud a child's reality and give children a false sense of themselves. D. Children should be recognition for effort and persistence.
B. Adults should tell children "good job" frequently to help reinforce for them what they are really good at.
Regarding supervision skills for beginning early childhood professionals, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Early childhood beginners tend to focus their supervision too broadly or too narrowly. B. Dual focus is best learned by practice in the college classroom, not through experience on the job. C. The development of dual focus is the secret to effective supervision. D. Because they mostly work by themselves, family child care professionals tend to become experts at the dual focus technique.
B. Dual focus is best learned by practice in the college classroom, not through experience on the job.
As a preschool teacher, you observe two children tugging over the same plastic gardening hoe. Given what you have learned about handling conflict, what is your best response? A. Tell the children, "If you can't both play with it nicely, then neither one of you gets to play with it. B. Get at the children's level and help them put their feelings into words, while emphasizing that you will not let them hurt each other. C. Approach the children and ask who had it first. If they do not tell the truth, ask another nearby child to tell you who had the hoe first. D. Unless they are physically hurting each other, ignore the situation so that they can figure out how to solve problems without adult intervention.
B. Get at the children's level and help them put their feelings into words, while emphasizing that you will not let them hurt each other.
Regarding the project approach to learning, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The project approach lies between the realm of pure play and pure work. B. In the project approach, the project starts with an idea that emerges from the teacher that is then carried out by a small group of children over a period of time. C. In contrast to play, projects are designed to have outcomes. D. This approach has recently gained attention through its application in Italy's Reggio Emilia early childhood program.
B. In the project approach, the project starts with an idea that emerges from the teacher that is then carried out by a small group of children over a period of time.
Which of the following statements regarding children's development is FALSE? A. One of the most important findings of recent brain research is the importance of emotional security in the development of children's brains. B. Rising cortisol levels, caused by stress, result in the destruction of neurons, but they do not affect brain synapses. C. A child's intelligence has its origins in her/his specific emotional experiences. D. Babies who have close relationships with caregivers are more likely to be resilient and to thrive than babies who do not.
B. Rising cortisol levels, caused by stress, result in the destruction of neurons, but they do not affect brain synapses.
Three-year-old Barra is upset as his mother leaves his day care center. He sits at the window and cries as she pulls away in her vehicle. What is the best first response for Barra's preschool teacher to make? A. Pick up his favorite toy and say, "Come, Barra, let's play with your favorite toy." B. Say, "Barra, you're really upset about your mommy leaving." C. Put a hand on his shoulder and say, "It's okay, Barra. She will be back in a few hours." D. Send another child over to distract him.
B. Say, "Barra, you're really upset about your mommy leaving."
Sarah Farraday owns a child care center. Sarah would like to help teach her 3-year-old children about proper health and sanitary procedures. Sarah should try all but which of the following? A. Teach the children skills for proper hand-washing B. Teach the children how to help clean the center's bathrooms C. Teach the children rules about not sharing personal items like toothbrushes and food utensils D. Teach the children about caring for personal possessions.
B. Teach the children how to help clean the center's bathrooms
Suggestions for effective communication with children include all but which of the following? A. Avoid questions that put children on the spot. B. Use distraction when children are in distress. C. Try not to send verbal messages that are inconsistent with the non-verbal messages D. Avoid using rhetorical questions.
B. Use distraction when children are in distress.
NAEYC's second program standard is concerned with _________. A. relationships B. curriculum C. safety D. communication
B. curriculum
When child care professional Bob Bertrand interacts with the children in his care, he tends to offer non-judgmental commentary on their actions. Another name for Bertrand's commentary is A. child-centered learning. B. descriptive feedback. C. intrinsically-motivating conversation. D. meaning-making.
B. descriptive feedback.
Julia is a student teacher at Cloud Nine Day Care Center. While the children eat their snacks, her co-worker has to change the infant's diaper. Since her co-worker is gone, Julia moves to the edge of the room in order to keep an eye on things. Now Julia can see what's going on, but has no interaction with the children. Julia's behavior is an example of which type of focus?
Broad Focus
Shanna works as a 4-year-old preschool teacher. If Shanna wants to help her students understand and appreciate differences in skin color, she should do all but which of the following? A. Look for ways to create positive images for Black and other dark colors in her storytelling. B. Offer several colors of paints and crayons that represent different skin colors, and encourage children to use them in their artwork C. Avoid discussions of skin color with the children to avoid overemphasizing differences. D. Examine her own attitudes and prejudices.
C. Avoid discussions of skin color with the children to avoid overemphasizing differences.
All but which of the following are problems with impression management? A. It can lead the child to be dependent on the adult for understanding her/his own desires. B. It teaches children to mistrust their senses. C. It hinders children from learning to respect and honor diversity. D. It gives the message that the child's perceptions are wrong, narrowing his/her experiences.
C. It hinders children from learning to respect and honor diversity.
If early childhood educator Monica Monez wishes to be consistent with Piaget's ideas about child development, which of the following should she do with her students? A. Monez should emphasize the right answers to particular problems and activities. B. Monez should mold and shape her students' behaviors through a system of rewards. C. Monez should provide a rich environment and let the children interact in an exploratory way. D. Monez should de-emphasize play, especially of the dramatic variety.
C. Monez should provide a rich environment and let the children interact in an exploratory way.
Of the following statements about play, which is/are TRUE? Statement 1: Compared to work, play is more literal. Statement 2: Compared to work, play is more rule-based. Statement 3: Compared to work, play is more intrinsically motivated. A. Statements 1, 2, and 3 B. Statements 2 and 3 C. Statement 3 D. Statement 1
C. Statement 3
In which of the following cultures is the open and verbal expression of anger most likely to be considered healthy? A. No culture; restrictions against open expressions of anger are frowned upon in almost all cultures. B. Japan C. U.S. D. China
C. U.S.
Regarding brain development, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. social and emotional development are intimately connected to learning and cognition B. Babies are born with many more brain cells than they actually need, so unused connections are eliminated through a pruning process. C. Using flashcards with infants is a developmentally appropriate practice D. Scientific research on the brain is proving the idea that the early years matter.
C. Using flashcards with infants is a developmentally appropriate practice.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four themes in early childhood teacher training presented in your text? A. multiculturalism B. holism C. deductive thinking D. reflective practice
C. deductive thinking
When her 3-year-old students talk to her, Evelyn makes sure that she listens using all of her senses. She watches the children's non-verbal messages, as well as their body language. Sometimes, Evelyn even uses her intuition to understand the children's messages. Which communication skill is Evelyn using? A. receptive listening B. full-body listening C. holistic listening D. expressive language
C. holistic listening
According to the text, developmentally appropriate practice includes figuring out ways for children to be engaged with ______ when learning. A. objects and ideas B. teachers and peers C. objects, ideas, teachers, and peers D. teachers and ideas
C. objects, ideas, teachers, and peers
Which of these organization's primary purpose is to lobby and advocate for children and is known for the "I Stand for Children" demonstration? *
Children's Defense Fund
During art time, three-year-old Jeremy squeezes out a puddle of glue on the art table. Which of the following is the best response from Jeremy's teacher? A. "Don't you know where the glue goes?" B. Laughing and saying, "What am I going to do with you?" C. "Why did you do that?" D. "Looks like you enjoyed squeezing that glue."
D. "Looks like you enjoyed squeezing that glue."
Devon Brown runs a preschool class. One student, Arthur, is engaging in an activity that is developmentally inappropriate. Another student, Baxter, is bored with his activity. Clarence is overtired and not having his needs met. Of these students, which one is in a situation that represents a potential safety hazard? A. Arthur but not Buster and Clarence B. Buster and Clarence but not Arthur C. Arthur and Clarence but not Buster D. Arthur, Buster and Clarence
D. Arthur, Buster and Clarence
Furio is majoring in early childhood education and is currently on internship. When he is at school, Furio follows his professor's suggestion to keep anecdotal records. Furio has found that he doesn't have time to do this during the day, but he does manage to make observations at the end of the day. After three weeks, Furio notices that he has no notes on a child named Caleb. What does this suggest? A. Furio is not very good at observation and self-reflection. B. Caleb is well-behaved and, therefore, doesn't garner much attention. C. Caleb is shy, and Furio should help him "come out of his shell." D. Furio has not been noticing Caleb and needs to make more of an effort to pay attention to him.
D. Furio has not been noticing Caleb and needs to make more of an effort to pay attention to him.
Learning theory suggests that observation plays a role in all but which of the following? A. analyzing the behaviors of the learner B. identifying the rewards that a learner will find reinforcing C. making a match between the learner and the rewards and environment to create a behavioral change D. confirming pre-determined beliefs about a certain child or group of children
D. confirming pre-determined believes about a certain child or group of children
The "parents-as-partners" approach is also called the ______. A. RERUN strategy. B. families-as-families approach C. parents-as-families approach D. families-as-partners approach
D. families-as-partners approach
Of the following types of programs, which is LEAST likely to be funded by government fees? A. Kindergarten B. Head Start preschool C. surround care D. family child care
D. family child care
Compared to arguing, the goal of dialoguing is to do all but which of the following? A. gather information, rather than win B. learn, rather than persuade or convince C. ask, rather than tell D. find the one best point of view
D. find the one best point of view
When six-year-old Clay is in his zone of proximal development for reading, ______ can provide him with assisted performance. A. older children, but not younger children, B. his teacher C. older children or his teacher D. other children or his teacher
D. other children or his teacher
Which of the following reflects multiculturalism in early childhood teacher training? A. examination of experience in order to understand it, learn from it, and grow from it B. focusing education on the "whole child" C. recognizing that early childhood education is a field with its own concepts and vocabulary D. recognizing, respecting and valuing the diversity that makes up the "American people"
D. recognizing, respecting, and valuing the diversity that makes up the "American people"
According to your text, what is the most powerful non-violent tool a child has at his/her disposal? A. discounting of feelings B. crying C. threats D. rejection of another person
D. rejection of another person
True or False: A good childcare center sanitation policy is to sanitize bathroom surfaces daily and toys and other surfaces weekly.
False
True or False: According to Emmi Pikler, children learn to judge the degree of risk in situations around preschool age.
False
True or False: By the age of five, most children can understand and follow rules in order to play board games, cards, and organized sports.
False
True or False: Caregivers and teachers should always use non-judgmental responses when listening and responding to children's problem situations.
False
True or False: Childhood conflicts over toys are quite common in early childhood settings, and they are not particularly dangerous situations.
False
True or False: Criticizing and giving orders are techniques that serve as "conversation stoppers," while discounting is a technique that serves as a "conversation starter."
False
True or False: During her lecture, your education professor talks about the influence of culture on a child's experience in school. When using the term culture, she is referring to the influences of factors like race, economic level, and religion, but not factors like age and gender
False
True or False: Four-year-old Kyan tells his preschool teacher, "I hate you." His teacher's best response is to sit Kyan down and talk with him about the importance of loving one another and the ugliness of hate.
False
True or False: Four-year-old Moses is throwing blocks at the wall. His teacher uses redirection by giving Moses two alternative items to throw instead. The teacher's use of redirection is a disempowering way to stop Moses' unacceptable behavior.
False
True or False: In the context of caring for children, praise and encouragement mean the same thing.
False
True or False: Most young children are natural competitors and enjoy playing games where there is a clear "winner."
False
True or False: Psychological and sociological researchers have found that smiles have fairly consistent meanings across different cultures.
False
True or False: Since crying is not a form of communication, the early childhood professional should focus on making the crying go away when faced with a crying child.
False
True or False: The RIE method of observation refers to the process of turning observation inward.
False
True or False: The approach of the Pikler Institute is to emphasize spirituality and the art of movement in early childhood education
False
True or False: The church's view of children in early Western society can best be summarized as, "Children are blank slates to be shaped by experience
False
True or False: The term receptive language refers to a child's ability to talk.
False
True or False: There are three approaches to working with families, and they focus on education, involvement, or partnering.
False
True or False: Upon returning to kindergarten after the weekend, Sarah discovers that the class rabbit has died and begins crying uncontrollably. Sarah's teacher takes Sarah out of the room to comfort her, while the student teacher puts the rabbit in a box and hides it in the closet. The student teacher then puts in a music tape and begins circle time with the other children. The teachers in this example have handled this uncomfortable situation effectively.
False
True or False: When diapering an infant, it is necessary for the caregiver to wash her/his hands but not necessarily the infant's hands.
False
True or False: When faced with a child's anger, an early childhood professional should ignore the anger and then model an appropriate expression of anger.
False
True or False: When it comes to children's art, the most common early childhood perspective in the United States today is that adults should give children formal art lessons and teach them specific techniques rather than leave them alone to explore and use art materials however they want.
False
Because of his/her beliefs that young children are like seeds that need a gardener (i.e. an educator), ______ created an institution that came to be known as kindergarten.
Friedrich Froebel
Who is associated with Resources for Infant Educators (RIE)?
Magda Gerber
In a story reported in the text, a group of researchers observed that newborn boys cried more often than newborn girls for no apparent reason. The researchers did not think about the fact that the boys had recently been circumcised. What does this story demonstrate about the nature of observation?
Observation is not easy; sometimes even skilled observers miss the obvious.
Which of the National Association for the Education of Young Children's Program Standards concerns relationships?
Program Standard 1
Which NAEYC program standard requires that programs promote health and protect children from illness and injury?
Program Standard 5
Among developmental theorists, ______ is to psychoanalytic theory? as ______ is to psychosocial theory.
Sigmund Freud / Erik Erikson
True or False: 18. According to your text, stimulation of young children's cognitive development and promotion of their academic skills is secondary to the development of their emotional health and relationships.
True
True or False: According to the text, listening is the first step to solving the problem when a child is upset.
True
True or False: According to the text, play is the child's single most beneficial activity in an early childhood program.
True
True or False: At the top of Maslow's hierarchy of human needs is a need called self-actualization
True
True or False: Author, Richard Louv, has written and spoken widely about a phenomenon known as the "nature deficit disorder," which refers to the idea that children spend increasingly more time indoors and have less exposure to nature.
True
True or False: Both John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner believe that the only thing worth studying was that which could be seen — behavior
True
True or False: Child-centered learning is interactive, involving learning between the child and the environment, the child and an adult, and the child and other children.
True
True or False: During the heat of an argument, body language can contribute to the tendency to argue rather than dialogue.
True
True or False: Eastern Europeans may reserve smiles for joyous situations, whereas in the United States a smile indicates unspoken friendliness.
True
True or False: Emergent curriculum describes an approach to early childhood education in which projects are allowed to flow from one into another
True
True or False: Evan Palmer's five-year-old kindergarten students are in Piaget's preoperational stage of development. Evan should expect that the children may often rely on intuition and perception rather than logic, and Evan should allow them time for pretend play and talk. *
True
True or False: Health and Safety issues can arise when a child is stressed or frustrated.
True
True or False: In general, family child care programs are less regulated than center-based child care programs. *
True
True or False: In most European-based cultures, eye contact during communications is sign of attentiveness, while in most Native American and Asian cultures, eye contact may be a sign of disrespect.
True
True or False: In order to help a child learn, sometimes an early childhood professional must set up consequences that respond to a child's unsafe or inappropriate behaviors.
True
True or False: Jean Piaget's theory supports the use of play as a developmentally appropriate practice for children's cognitive development.
True
True or False: Many theorists have noted that a type of mental shift occurs for children between the ages of five and seven.
True
True or False: NAEYC's program standard 9 is concerned with the safety of the physical environment of early childhood education settings.
True
True or False: Practice in risk-taking is an important part of learning safety.
True
True or False: Reflective practice is beneficial because it allows a teacher to step back, think about a situation and, if necessary, formulate the best response to that situation.
True
True or False: Self-calming, often through thumb sucking or having a special object like a blanket, is one of the most important skills a child can learn.
True
True or False: Telling children they are smart can give them the idea that intelligence is a fixed trait that can't be changed. Instead educators should strive to acknowledge a child's effort, risk taking or persistence.
True
True or False: The NAEYC's document titled Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Education encourages early childhood educators to move away from either-or thinking and embrace both-and thinking
True
True or False: The difference between distraction and redirection is that distraction cuts the child off from her/his feelings, while redirection acknowledges the feelings.
True
True or False: The three types of symbolic play are dramatic play, constructive play, and games with rules.
True
True or False: The word guidance, which can be defined building a relationship with children and guiding them to make appropriate choices, has begun to replace the word discipline in many childhood settings.
True
True or False: When a child is intrinsically motivated, h/she is more concerned with doing a good job for him/herself, rather than receiving recognition or reward for the action.
True
True or False: When a teacher is incongruent in his/her communication, h/she sends two different messages to a child, leaving the child to question which message to believe.
True
Early childhood education is a branch of education that deals with children from what ages?
birth to age eight
What is the most important factor in building cooperation with children and getting them to listen?
developing a relationship with the child
True or False: The scientific approach to the study of children began with G. Stanley Hall's keeping of anecdotal records on the developmental stages of children
false
Your professor states, "Early childhood education should focus on all aspects of the child from her body to her mind." Which theme of early childhood teacher training is your professor addressing?
holism
Caitlyn teaches Sunday School for five-year-old children. Having recently studied Erikson's theory, Caitlyn predicts that most of her students will be in which psychosocial stage of development?
initiative versus guilt
Regarding early philosophical views of children, Rousseau is to _____ as Locke is to ______.
little angel / blank slate
According to the text, the three key elements in keeping children safe are:
observation, supervision and guidance
The author of your text refers to "unwritten plans for and approaches for learning." What is she referencing?
the interface between adult and children, where the greatest learning takes place
Two college students debate the nature-nurture question. What is the topic of their debate?
the relative influence of heredity and environment on a child's development
True or False: Early Childhood Educators have a legal mandate to report any suspected cases of child abuse
true
True or False: Lev Vygotsky's theories differ from those of Piaget because he believed in giving children adult guidance, rather than simply letting children explore on their own
true
True or False: "Time out" as a guidance strategy is more likely to be effective in cultures that stress individual needs and de-emphasize interdependence.
True
True or False: According to the Council for Exceptional Children, many young children engage in challenging behavior, and the majority of these children respond to developmentally appropriate management techniques.
True
Charlene is the lead teacher at Perfections Preschool. Over time, Charlene has developed the ability to talk with another adult while still being aware of what is going on with the children in the center. Charlene's skill is called A. dialoging. B. feedforward. C. RERUN. D. soft eyes.
D. soft eyes.
True or False: According to the author or your text, carefully used time-out is one of the most effective alternatives to punishment.
False
True or False: According to the author of your text, having 'soft eyes' is often a distinguishing characteristic between beginning teachers and veteran teachers.
True
True or False: According to the text, much of the bias in the early childhood setting is unconscious and occurs at the institutional level.
True
True or False: According to the text, one of the most important ways that an early childhood professional can support families is by respecting differences through listening.
True
True or False: According to your text, spanking has no place in early childhood guidance systems.
True
True or False: Childhood squabbles, although occasionally requiring guidance, are generally positive since they help children learn the give-and-take of social relationships.
True
True or False: Day care provider Carlene cares for a 3-year-old child who lies quite regularly. When Carlene "catches" the child in a misdeed, her best strategy to deal with the child's lying is to ask, "Who did this?" in order to give the child a chance to be honest.
False
True or False: ISFP is an act by the U.S. Government specifying that educational programs are required to create individualized plans to respond to the specific requirements of children with special needs.
False
True or False: In the early childhood setting, conflicts between parents and providers are unusual, and families rarely explicitly complain about or criticize the child care programs in which their children are placed.
False
True or False: Parents of children with special needs are more prone to complain about and criticize their child's education program than parents of children without special needs.
False
True or False: Early childhood professionals can help children learn to resolve conflicts by modeling ways to seek information, recognize alternatives, and consider consequences.
True
True or False: Preschool teacher Evy Woods wants to help her students learn about the consideration of consequences. To do so, she lets them experience firsthand the results of their actions. Ms. Woods' approach is called feedforward.
False
True or False: Redirection is a sharp change of focus designed to get a child's mind off of whatever s/he was feeling or doing.
False
What is the first step in developing an emergent curriculum? A. making a lesson plan B. identifying the children's zone of proximal development C. finding out what children are interested in as individuals and as a group D. preparing a plan for assessment
C. finding out what children are interested in as individuals and as a group
True or False: The author of your text feels that in order to be more professional early childhood care providers should do their best to conceal their feelings from students.
False
True or False: The author of your textbook developed the "Apple Exercise" to help her students learn the power of modeling in the development of emergent curriculum.
False
True or False: The best resolution to a conflict between an early childhood professional and a parent is one in which the resolution is based on mutual education.
False
True or False: The three thought patterns characteristic of violent teens are seldom found among young children.
False
True or False: In comparison to a parent's relationship with a child, a provider's relationship with the child is best described as short-term and based in the present.
True
The three-year-old children at Cloud Nine Preschool spend the majority of their time playing. Which area of their development does their play activity enhance? A. physical and social B. emotional and cognitive C. physical, social, emotional, and cognitive D. Play, while fun, does not enhance any area of development.
C. physical, social, emotional, and cognitive
True or False: When the children get too noisy during lunch at Westside Elementary School, the lunchroom monitors scream, "Quiet down!" According to social-cognitive theory, their actions will lead the children to be quiet.
False
True or False: In general, children spend more time testing adult limits than they spend testing physical limits.
True
True or False: Reflective practice involves developing good observation skills.
True
True or False: Shaking an infant, even just a little bit, can cause brain damage.
True
True or False: The "teachable moment" often occurs right after a child has misbehaved.
True
True or False: The book asserts that a person's approach to guidance and discipline is often driven by their perception of human nature.
True
True or False: The cultural value of interdependence could also be described as valuing mutual dependence.
True
At Citizens' Academy, the teachers and administrators collaborate with families. Parents are encouraged to be involved in decision-making and, as a result, the parents are highly involved. The approach to working with families at Citizens' Academy is best described as a _______ approach. A. parent involvement B. parent education C. parental governing D. parents-as-partners
D. parents-as-partners
True or False: The intake interview is best characterized as a two-way exchange of information between the early childhood professional and the child and her/his family.
True
True or False: The media provides very few images of men as nurturing, gentle, or caring.
True
True or False: The principles behind Marshall Rosenberg's nonviolent communication involve changing one's consciousness toward empathy and compassion rather than following a specific formula for communication.
True
True or False: The story of Julie, the home care provider presented in Chapter 6, is an example of the use of emergent curriculum.
True
True or False: Toddler biting is best understood as an attempt for the toddler to express him/herself and to gain power when s/he does not have the words to do so.
True
Three two-year-old children on a play date at their local park play together in the sand box. One builds sand castles with some plastic toys, while another runs a car over a sand hill. The third child makes handprints in the sand. The children do not attend to what the others are doing. In what type of play are these children engaged? A. cooperative play B. solitary play C. associative play D. parallel play
D. parallel play
Early childhood guidance includes all but which of the following? A. attempting to control children's behavior B. focusing on preventing children's misbehavior C. teaching children alterative ways to behave and control themselves D. understanding that children are born with the need for attachment and often require teaching on how best to relate with others.
A. attempting to control children's behavior
Kaitlyn is a recent graduate from an early childhood education program. She is taking her first job as lead teacher and coordinator of a community-based preschool program for 3- and 4-year-old children. Of the following roles, which is the least appropriate for Kaitlyn to take? A. director B. facilitator C. responder D. protector
A. director
First grade teacher Ajit Patel has a student, Noel, who refuses to hang up her coat. Each morning, Noel just throws her jacket anywhere it happens to land. To provide guidance, Patel does not immediately do anything. Instead, when Noel wants to go out for recess and cannot find her jacket, Patel tells her that she cannot go to recess. Which guidance tool is Ajit Patel using? A. experiencing consequences of one's actions B. time-out C. redirecting inappropriate behavior D. physical punishment
A. experiencing consequences of one's actions
Several children engage in symbolic play. Abigail and Adrian set up a store and play "shopping," with Abigail as the customer and Adrian as the shopkeeper. Beatrice and Bennie build an extensive structure with Lincoln logs, Legos, and blocks. Carlos and Christina play a game of Junior Scrabble. Which pair is experiencing dramatic play? A. Abigail and Adrian B. Beatrice and Bennie C. Carlos and Christina D. All of these
A. Abigail and Adrian
Six-month-old Cara plays with the rattles in her crib, shaking them, putting them in her mouth, and banging them against the bars of the crib. Her two older brothers wrestle on the floor in the room next to hers. In what type of play are Cara and her brothers engaging? A. Cara and her brothers are all engaged in sensorimotor play. B. Cara and her brothers are all engaged in symbolic play. C. Cara is engaged in sensorimotor play, while her brothers are engaged in symbolic play. D. Cara is engaged in symbolic play, while her brothers are engaged in sensorimotor play.
A. Cara and her brothers are all engaged in sensorimotor play.
Regarding the RERUN model of resolving conflict, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. In RERUN, the conflicted parties must follow the steps in order: reflect, explain, reason, understand, negotiate. B. When a person is ambivalent in a conflict, s/he is more likely to become defensive and hamper the conflict resolution process. C. When negotiations break down, reflection is a good step to return to in order to open things back up again. D. The explanation step involves putting one's own thoughts into words and/or feelings. Answer: A
A. In RERUN, the conflicted parties must follow the steps in order: reflect, explain, reason, understand, negotiate.
Trevor is a violent 16-year-old. Research suggests that Trevor is likely to do which of the following when faced with a conflict? A. Instead of seeking information about what's really happening, Trevor will take an act-first-ask-later approach. B. Trevor will overanalyze the consequences of his actions leading to an "analysis paralysis." C. Trevor will have a broad vision of how he should respond to the conflict situation which will cause him to be confused about his choices. D. Trevor will give the other person the benefit of the doubt.
A. Instead of seeking information about what's really happening, Trevor will take an act-first-ask-later approach.
When preschool teacher Emilio Estefan is helping children learn to recognize alternatives during conflicts, he should do all but which of the following? A. Suggest a full solution when the children seem unable to come up with any on their own. B. Allow the children to experience a period of silence in order to give them a chance to make their own responses. C. Rehearse problem solving skills during group time to proactively address conflict. D. Be persistent, and use a firm tone of voice during conflict resolution.
A. Suggest a full solution when the children seem unable to come up with any on their own.
Four-year-old Suzie has just bitten her younger brother. At which point will Suzie be most open to learning from her misbehavior? A. right after having bitten her brother B. after she has had a "time-out" and time to think about her misbehavior C. whenever her caregiver has the time to sit down and discuss the consequences of Suzie's behavior D. after she gets a spanking for such unacceptable behavior
A. right after having bitten her brother
Ten-year-old Faison feels that his parents love and care about him. Which element of Faison's self-esteem do his feelings reflect? A. significance B. competence C. virtue D. power
A. significance
Early childhood teacher, Ben, receives a call from Kalyn's mother that Kalyn's father has suffered a fall and has broken his leg. The next day, Ben creates a playroom area equipped with developmentally appropriate books about the skeletal system and medically-related toys. Ben's spontaneous planning is an example of A. the emergent curriculum B. scaffolding C. anti-bias focus D. assisted performance
A. the emergent curriculum
The current approach to tantrums in early childhood education includes all but which of the following? A. keeping a child safe during a tantrum B. prevention of tantrums by paying attention to children's stress and frustration levels C. encouraging the expression of feelings, but not through tantrums D. not making a big fuss over tantrums in order to avoid "rewarding" them
C. encouraging the expression of feelings, but not through tantrums
Who developed social-cognitive theory and conducted classic studies demonstrating the powerful effect of modeling in children's aggression? A. Howard Gardner B. Albert Bandura C. Lilian Katz D. Louise Derman-Sparks
B. Albert Bandura
Regarding adult interaction and conversation in front of children in child care programs, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Adults should think twice about interacting with other adults during supervised recess. B. Although programs have not always encouraged it, adult interaction and conversation can give children the opportunity to see adult relationships being formed and sustained. C. Most programs encourage adult interaction and conversation among adults. D. Adult interaction is absolutely unacceptable except in emergency situations.
B. Although programs have not always encouraged it, adult interaction and conversation can give children the opportunity to see adult relationships being formed and sustained.
In the Reggio Emilia program of northern Italy, teachers are more likely to be "hands on" when teaching art. Their "hands on" approach results from all but which of the following? A. Italians tend to be more of a "hands on" kind of people, and this flows over into their approach to teaching. B. Art is so important in the Italian culture that teachers feel an obligation to help students develop their art skills to their highest potential. C. The Reggio Emilia approach is heavily influenced by Vygotsky's approach to development. D. Italians are more collectivistic than individualistic in their social orientation.
B. Art is so important in the Italian culture that teachers feel an obligation to help students develop their art skills to their highest potential.
According to the article by Udell and Glasenapp focusing on management and prevention of difficult behaviors, the authors suggest all but which of the following? A. Be specific and positive in correcting behavior. B. Ask questions when giving directions. C. Avoid competitions and comparisons among children. D. Be sure to make more comments about positive behavior than inappropriate behavior.
B. Ask questions when giving directions.
Four kindergarten children are engaged in different play activities. All but which of the following are engaged in sensorimotor play? A. Antwone plays in the sink while he washes his hands. B. Brittany plays "house" with some dolls and another child. C. Curt plays chase with another child. D. Debra doodles on some construction paper.
B. Brittany plays "house" with some dolls and another child.
Which statement accurately describes practices at the Pikler Institute? A. Children eat and nap outdoors all year round. B. Children eat outdoors in the summer and nap outdoors year round. C. Children eat and nap outdoors in the summer and remain indoors the rest of the year. D. Children are not allowed to eat outdoors and they never nap outdoors.
B. Children eat outdoors in the summer and nap outdoors year round.
The guidance methods presented in your text are most consistent with which view of authority? A. Children should be taught to be obedient to adults. B. Children should be independent thinkers. C. Children should learn to conform to proper standards for behavior. D. Children should learn the rituals and traditions important in society.
B. Children should be independent thinkers.
In the area of honoring the diversity of families, all but which of the following are recommended? A. Have a broad view of family structures, and don't hold one model above the others. B. Recognize that you might have to rescue a child from parents with unacceptable ethics and lifestyles. C. Understand that the authority structures of families vary, and be certain to identify the adult contact who has decision-making power. D. Understand that your job is to work with families to provide the very best care and education for their children.
B. Recognize that you might have to rescue a child from parents with unacceptable ethics and lifestyles.
To deal with the universal toddler problem of biting, your text recommends all but which of the following? A. Supervise toddlers closely, especially when one is known to be a biter. B. Teach toddlers to defend themselves physically by pushing the biting child away or running away when they see a biter coming at them. C. Provide props for toddlers to act out their aggressions symbolically. D. Help toddlers develop a feeling of power by giving them choices and offering them challenges that require strength.
B. Teach toddlers to defend themselves physically by pushing the biting child away or running away when they see a biter coming at them.
The author makes several observations about diversity in the early childhood setting. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. When parents or families speak another language from the childcare provider, it's a good idea to arrange for a capable translator to help facilitate conversations. B. To embrace diversity in the early childhood setting teachers can simply celebrate diverse holidays and encourage children to bring food from their native countries. C. Diversity is something to value and helps us counter a push toward cultural homogeneity. D. Diversity is a large topic. It not only has to do with differences in culture and language, but age, ability and how a person is raised.
B. To embrace diversity in the early childhood setting teachers can simply celebrate diverse holidays and encourage children to bring food from their native countries.
What is an IDEA? A. a strategy for resolving conflict. B. U.S. government act requiring programs to create plans for responding to children with special needs. C. a team of specialists who collaborate with families on the creation of goals and objectives for children with special needs. D. an approach for respecting the diversity of children, families, and other early childhood professionals.
B. U.S. government act requiring programs to create plans for responding to children with special needs.
As an early childhood professional, you will sometimes be in a situation where you feel you have to set limits. According to the text, you should ask yourself all but which of the following questions when thinking about setting a limit? A. Has the child outgrown the limit? B. Will setting the limit make it easier to carry out my job? C. Is there a valid reason for the limit? D. Can I rearrange the environment to eliminate the restriction?
B. Will setting the limit make it easier to carry out my job?
According to your text, the best parent education programs A. use a predetermined curriculum that is consistent every year. B. are culturally sensitive and responsive to parental goals. C. require parents to help out for a certain number of hours in the classroom. D. ask that parents help with maintenance of the program's equipment.
B. are culturally sensitive and responsive to parental goals.
Of the components of self-esteem, virtue is best described as A. the ability to be successful, especially in areas that one cares about. B. doing what is right, whether by a moral code or by one's own standard of morality. C. a feeling that one has the ability to be oneself and get one's needs met. D. feeling loved and cared about by those who are important in one's life.
B. doing what is right, whether by a moral code or by one's own standard of morality.
A preschool student in teacher Julie Tanner's class discovers that a screw has come loose in one of the classroom chairs. He brings Julie the chair and a screwdriver. Julie says, "Oh, I can't fix that. I'll take it home for Mr. David (her husband) to fix." It looks like Ms. Tanner has failed to model A. virtue. B. equity. C. significance. D. consequences.
B. equity.
Four-year-old Georgia is a child with special needs about to enter preschool. Together with her family, a team of multidisciplinary specialists is working on a plan that identifies appropriate and meaningful goals and objectives for Georgia and her family. This plan is called a(n) A. family-school interface plan. B. individualized education plan. C. individualized family service plan. D. individuals with disabilities plan for educational activities.
B. individualized education plan.
In order to teach respect for animals, kindergarten teacher Jeffrey Roberts occasionally brings pets into class. Jeffrey brings the children together and demonstrates how to hold and touch an animal. As he gently strokes the animal, Jeffrey will say, "See, this is the way she likes to be touched. You have to do it very gently and show that you care." Which guidance tool is Jeffrey using? A. teaching children to express their feelings B. modeling prosocial behavior C. redirection D. allowing children to experience the consequences of their actions
B. modeling prosocial behavior
Child care provider Emory Russell cares for a child, Kyle, who has a pattern of throwing tantrums any time Emory asks him to do something. Emory eventually decides that Kyle will have to be retrained to not feel rewarded for his tantrums. Emory tries not to pay so much attention to Kyle's defiance and, instead, reward him when he cooperates. What strategy is Emory Russell using? A. prosocialization B. time-out C. behavior modification D. redirection
C. behavior modification
A class of two and three year-olds at Ms. Cherry's Preschool is getting ready to take a field trip to the local supermarket. While the two teachers prepare the van, what is the best strategy for the student teacher to take while supervising the children? A. Have the children sit in circle time and report what they did over the weekend. B. Put on a puppet show for the children. C. Allow the children to play in the classroom, while keeping a watchful eye, ready to intervene as necessary. D. Stand the children in line, going over the safety rules and regulations for field trips.
C. Allow the children to play in the classroom, while keeping a watchful eye, ready to intervene as necessary.
Three-year-old Faye has just begun being cared for at Sueños Child Care Center while her grandmother works during the day. In Faye's culture, children are spoon fed until they have advanced motor skills that allow them to eat well on their own. When Faye's grandmother arrives to pick Faye up, she is dismayed at Faye's appearance. Faye has food stains on her clothes after attempting to feed herself. The provider explains that the center policy encourages children to practice their motor skills by trying to feed themselves. The grandmother and the childcare provider talk for a few days about this problem and eventually come to a resolution. Of the following solutions to this conflict, which represents a resolution through mutual education? A. After seeing how important this value is to Faye's family, the child care provider agrees to spoon feed Faye. B. After seeing how upset Faye's grandmother is, the child care provider reluctantly agrees to spoon feed Faye. She feels resentful every time she feeds Faye. C. Both parties find a third space and agree that Faye will be spoon fed at home, but while at the center she'll wear a bib or older clothes and continue practicing her skills. D. After hearing the reasoning behind the center's policy, Faye's grandmother agrees to try letting her feed herself at the center and at home.
C. Both parties find a third space and agree that Faye will be spoon fed at home, but while at the center she'll wear a bib or older clothes and continue practicing her skills.
Based on the body language of the following people involved in a conflict, which is most likely to be engaged in dialoguing rather than arguing? A. Ahmed leans forward and makes cutting gestures as he makes his point. B. Babette unconsciously clenches her fists as she listens to the other person. C. Carson is firm in his stance and sits with his hands open. D. Danita assumes a defensive posture as the other person talks.
C. Carson is firm in his stance and sits with his hands open.
Regarding limits, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Limits are different from rules in that limits are restrictions, not regulations. B. Physical limits are tangible, while adult limits are intangible. C. Children only come to understand physical limits through words and adult modeling. D. Good, firm physical limits provide a sense of safety for the child.
C. Children only come to understand physical limits through words and adult modeling.
Regarding the side effects of punishment, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The most aggressive children in early childhood programs are often the ones whose parents use spanking or other forms of severe punishment. B. Children can become immune to punishment, forcing adults to increase the degree of force to make their point. C. Children who spend time around punishing adults become more empathetic and are less likely to use punishment to control other children. D. Spanking humiliates children, leaving them hurt and angry.
C. Children who spend time around punishing adults become more empathetic and are less likely to use punishment to control other children.
Review the following statements regarding "time-out" as a guidance tool. Statement 1: Compared to the other guidance tools, time-out is one of the most useful alternatives. Statement 2: When placing a child in time-out, the adult should determine the amount of time and set a timer so the child knows when s/he can leave time out. Statement 3: Time-out is a nonviolent alternative to spanking. Which of the following statements are TRUE? A. Statements 1 and 3 B. Statements 2 and 3 C. Statement 3 only D. All of these
C. Statement 3 only
The element of competence in self-esteem is a matter of how A. skilled a person is. B. talented a person is. C. a person approaches challenges. D. loved a person feels.
C. a person approaches challenges.
Dominating power is to ______ as personal power is to ______. A. feedforward / feedbackward B. feedbackward / feedforward C. aggressiveness / assertiveness D. assertiveness / aggressiveness
C. aggressiveness / assertiveness
A group of children in a family day care are doing origami. An older child helps a younger child with some of the more advanced folds. This is an example of A. linguistic intelligence. B. feedforward. C. assisted performance. D. zone of proximal development.
C. assisted performance.
Of the following descriptions of the elements of self-esteem, which best describes significance? A. understanding and doing what is right B. feeling that one has the ability to live one's own life and get one's needs met C. feeling loved and cared about D. ability to be successful
C. feeling loved and cared about
According to your text, the primary problem with spanking and other forms of physical punishment is that its use A. encourages children to be obedient and never question authority. B. makes it difficult for children to develop the skills they need to think for themselves. C. teaches children that using force is an acceptable way to solve problems. D. makes children more susceptible to peer pressure in adolescence.
C. teaches children that using force is an acceptable way to solve problems.
What is the goal of a pluralistic society? A. to create a culture that is uniform and experiences little conflict B. to focus on collectivistic rather than individualistic values C. to create a culture in which diversity is acknowledged, accepted, and celebrated D. to encourage its members to be collaborative rather than competitive
C. to create a culture in which diversity is acknowledged, accepted, and celebrated
Kindergarten teacher Andrew Lott is holding an intake interview with the family of a new student. What should Andrew's primary goal be? A. to lay out the rules and regulations of the school and his classroom B. to make the child feel welcome in the classroom C. to learn about the child and the family and to teach them about the program D. to make an initial assessment of how he will effectively deal with the child and the family
C. to learn about the child and the family and to teach them about the program
10. On your first job as a professional in early childhood education, you have a conflict with a parent about your approach to nap time. You decide to use the conflict resolution model you learned from the textbook. In which step will you let the parent know that you are receiving and accepting his feelings? A. reason B. understand C. explain D. reflect
D. reflect
Each day, preschool teacher Andrea has a "time in" with at least one student. During these periods, Andrea gets down on the floor with the student and is fully available and responsive to that child. Andrea's technique is a proactive way to deal with which cause of misbehavior? A. misbehavior due to a lack of understanding the behavior is inappropriate B. misbehavior as result of mismatch between child and environment C. misbehavior as a response to feeling powerless D. misbehavior as a cry for attention
D. misbehavior as a cry for attention
Regarding children's modeling, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Children are more likely to imitate people who they perceive as being powerful than those they perceive as less powerful. B. Children are more likely to model others whom they see as being rewarded for their behavior. C. Consciously using modeling as a teaching method is one of the most powerful ways to influence children's behavior. D. Children are more likely to model non-aggressive behavior than aggressive behavior.
D. Children are more likely to model non-aggressive behavior than aggressive behavior.
Of the following statements about play, which is/are TRUE? Statement 1: Play helps children build knowledge by finding meaning in their own experience instead of passively receiving information from teachers. Statement 2: Play helps children manage themselves, instead of depending on the teacher. Statement 3: Play helps children gain confidence and increase their self-esteem. A. Statement 1 only B. Statements 1 and 2 C. Statements 2 and 3 D. Statements 1, 2, and 3
D. Statements 1, 2, and 3
Regarding behavioral expectations for children at different ages and stages, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Since they are still learning to distinguish fantasy from reality, it is common for three-year-old children to tell untruths. B. Two-year-old children are naturally defiant as they struggle to experience their own autonomy. C. When four-year-old children steal items, it may reflect that they are in an early stage of moral development. D. When school-age children are argumentative, it is a signal that they lack socialization.
D. When school-age children are argumentative, it is a signal that they lack socialization.
An activist approach to valuing diversity and promoting equity in which the goal is to help children accept, respect, and celebrate diversity is called A. the modeling effect. B. assisted performance. C. feedforward. D. antibias focus.
D. antibias focus.
Family day care provider Alicia Magnus always has an interesting activity set up for the children as they arrive in the morning. This gives Alicia a chance to have "quick chats" with parents as they drop off their children. Magnus is trying to facilitate communication with families by A. figuring out problems together. B. being receptive. C. developing listening skills. D. being available.
D. being available.
According to the text, what is the best definition of "smart," according to authors Betty Jones and Renatta Cooper? A. being able to score well on standardized tests B. being able to memorize and repeat back facts C. having a high IQ score D. being skilled in curiosity and critical thinking
D. being skilled in curiosity and critical thinking
When it comes to handling children with special needs who do not respond to ordinary guidance strategies, an early childhood professional may have to do all but which of the following? A. re-design the environment and activities to prevent children's challenging behaviors B. seek external consultation and technical assistance C. modify the curriculum to help children learn appropriate behaviors D. use positive behavioral interventions that address the form, but not the function, of the behavior
D. use positive behavioral interventions that address the form, but not the function, of the behavior
True or False: According to the author of your text, societal changes in gender roles have significantly changed the landscape of early childhood education. Past problems with the lack of men working with young children have pretty much been eliminated.
False
