IN-TEXT CITATION RULES
APA
A narrative citation includes the author's name directly in the sentence, with the year of publication directly following the author's last name.
MLA
Citing Indirect Sources In-text example: Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social service centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman 259).
MLA
Citing the Bible In-text example: Ezekiel saw "what seemed to be four living creatures," each with the faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle (New Jerusalem Bible, Ezek. 1:5-10).
APA
If the source you're citing includes page numbers, add that information to your citation with a lowercase p and a period before the number (p.)
CMS
No access date is required to be reported for electronic sources.
CMS
For two to three authors or editors write out all names in the order they appear on the title page of the source in both your notes and bibliography.
APA
When the parenthetical citation includes two or more works: Order them in the same way they appear in the reference list—the author's name, the year of publication—separated by a semi-colon.
APA
A parenthetical citation includes both the author's last name and year of publication, separated by a comma, in parentheses at the end of the sentence.
CMS
Each time a source is used in the text, it must be cited by note: footnote or endnote.
CMS
For electronic journal articles and other web sources, DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) are preferred to URLs (Uniform resource Locators).
MLA
How to cite a work with no known author: We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change..." ("Impact of Global Warming" 6).
CMS
Invert authors' names—last name followed by first name—and alphabetize reference list entries by the last name of the first author of each work. Ex. Agamben, Giorgio
CMS
Superscript note numbers in the text.
MLA
In general, the in-text citation will be the author's last name (or abbreviated title) with a page number, enclosed in parentheses.
APA
When citing a work with an unknown author: Use the source's full title in the narrative citation. Cite the first word of the title followed by the year of publication in the parenthetical citation.
APA
When citing a work with three or more authors: list the name of the first author plus "et al." in every citation.
APA
When quoting: Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase e.g.: According to Reynolds (year), "...." (p. 3).
MLA
Works in time-based media In-text example: Buffy's promise that "there's not going to be any incidents like at my old school" is obviously not one on which she can follow through ("Hush" 00:03:16-17).
